Praxis Vocab
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| Anosognosia | A person who suffers disability due to brain injury seems unaware of or denies the existence of their handicap
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| Accerleration injury | Brain and brain stem often suffer diffuse damage caused by their movement within the skull.
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| Afferent | To carry nerve impuleses from receptors or sense organs toward the central nervous system
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| Agnosia | Loss of the ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds and shapes while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any memory loss.
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| Agrammatism | Unique speech pattern with simplified sentence structure, telegraphic. (Brocas)
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| Agraphia | inability to form graphemes, loss of the ability to write.
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| Basal Ganglia | Modulate the function of the frontal cortex
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| Basilar Artery | connects vertebral arteries to the circle of Willis
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| Bells Palsy | Caused by inflamation of the facial nerve.
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| Binswanger's disease | Caused by multiple infarcts of subcortical white matter eventually culminating in dementia.
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| Biopsy | removal of cells or tissue for examination
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| Brain abscess | occur when bacteria or fungi infect part of the brain.
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| Calcarine Fissure | wheere the primary visual cortex is concentrated in the occipital lobe
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| Caloric testing | cold and/or warm water is introduced into the ear canal, often producing nystagmus inpatients with vestibular pathology.
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| Capgras Syndrome | mis-identification of people, place or object. A spouse replaced by an imposter.
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| Carotid Arteries | Three: Common, external, internal
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| Common Carotid Artery | Supplies the head and neck with oxygenated blood, divides in the neck
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| External Carotid Artery | towards the face and mandible
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| Internal Carotid Artery | Blood supply to the brain, runs up the neck on either side.
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| Catastrophic reaction | emotional outburst, usually as a consequence of lowered frustration tolerance.
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| Central Fissure | divides the Frontal lobe and Parietal lobe (fissure of Rolando or central sulcus). Divides the primary motor and primary sensory cortex
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| Circumlocution | associated with anomic, wernickes and conduction aphasia. Deliberate use of a substitute word for a word that a patient cannot retrieve
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| Decomposition of movement | associated with Ataxia, complex movements are broken down into a succession of small individual movements resulting in a jerky segmented quality.
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| Decussate | The point at which a tract crosses the midline of the CNS
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| Delirium | decline in attention-focus, perception, and cognition, that is not better accounted for by a preexisting, established, or evolving dementia.
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| Dementia | the loss of mental functions—such as thinking, memory, and reasoning—that is severe enough to interfere with a person’s daily functioning.
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| Dementia, cortical | from a disorder affecting the cerebral cortex, the outer layers of the brain that play a critical role in cognitive processes such as memory and language. Alzheimer's and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are two forms.
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| Festinating gait | Occasionally a Parkinson’s patient’s steps become very short and rapid until the patient is nearly running in tiny shuffling steps.
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| Fibrillations | Microscopic contractions of small groups of muscle fibers or a single fiber. Usually a sign of lower motor neuron pathology.
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| Fissure | Very deep sulci are sometimes called this. EX: central sulcus
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| Fluency | (blank)
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| Gag reflex | A neurological test of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) and the vagus (X)
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| Generalization | the use of a trained behavior to another environment
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| Generative naming | patients are given a specified time interval to say as many words as they can think of that either begin with a certain letter (F, A, or S yield largest
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| Geographic disorientation | Associated with right hemisphere syndrome, confusion as to their location.
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| Glial cells | provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system.
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| Handicap | Participation: the effects of disabilities on the individual’s ability to carry out daily life roles.
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| Hematoma | 4 major categories for the brain, epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, and intracerebral.
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| Hemianopia | blindness or reduction of vision in one half of the visual field
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| Hemiplegia | Paralysis of both limbs on the same side.
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| Hemorrhage | bleeding
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| Ideational apraxia | Series of actions is impaired due to the conceptual disturbance. (Apraxia—Paietal, deffuse or bi-lateral brain damage)
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| Idomotor apraxia | disruption of plans needed to demonstrate actions. (Apraxia—frontal lobe)
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| Impairment | Body functions and structures: structural or functional abnormality within a person.
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| Infarct | an area of tissue death due to a local lack of oxygen
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| Insula | area of transitional cortex that is folded within the sylvian fissure. Integrates autonomic information, associated with visceral functions.
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| Jargon | Wernickes, global aphasia. Strings of neologisms with a sprinkling of connecting words.
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| Lacunar state | caused by multiple small infarcts in the arteries supplying the basa ganglia, thalamus, midbrain, and brain stem.
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| Lateral apertures | foramina of Lushka, CSF passes thru these on its way from the third ventricle to the fourth.
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| Lateral cerebral fissure | Sylvian fissure, separates the frontal and temporal lobes.
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| Lenticular nucleus | comprises the putamen and the globus pallidus within the basal ganglia. It is a large, cone-shaped mass of gray matter just lateral to the internal capsule.
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| Limb apraxia | unable to perform on command volitional movements with the hand, arm or wrist. Usually bilateral.
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Created by:
dbrinker