Final Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Demography | study of population numbers, distribution,trends and issues(人口统计学)
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| Census | process of collecting,compiling...about all people living in a particular area(人口普查，统计； 人口财产调查 _
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| Developed country | 发达国家-country with a highly developed economy and living standards
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| developing country | 发展中国家
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| birth rate | # of births per 1000 people in a country in a given year
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| Death rate | # of deaths per 1000 people in a country in a given year
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| Demographic transition model | a model that shows change in a population's birth and death rate and growth based on technological development.
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| Industrialization | 工业化- overall change in a society from farm production and craftsmanship to mechanized manufacturing production.
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| Urbanization | 都市化 - The move of people from farm to cities where job are available
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| mortality | 死亡数，死亡率-death in population
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| immigration rate | 迁移率- # of new arrivals in a country in a given year per 1000
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| Emigration rate | # of ppl leaving a country in a given year per 1000
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| exponential rate | a rapid rate of population growths as each generation doubles in size
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| natural increase | population increase or decrease in a year expressed a % of the total population(birth rates - death rate)
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| rule of 70 | the times it takes a country to double its population( 70 divided by the country's growth rate)
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| doubling time | # of year it takes country to double its population at its current growth rate
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| net migration | 迁移率
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| Migration | 移居，迁徙( person who moves from one region to another)
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| life expectancy | the average # of years an individual is expected to live平均寿命； 预期寿命
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| family planning | the concept of limiting the size of families计划生育
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| rhythm method | a method of birth controls.安全期避孕法
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| sterilization | a procedure by which a person's ability to reproduce is destroyed绝育
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| vasectomy | 输精管切除术
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| coercion | 强迫； 高压政治- the use of force
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| contraception | birth control-
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| total fertility rate | 总生育率- the average # of children born over the lifetime of a typical woman in a particular country
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| one-child policy | 计划生育政策(china)
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| infanticide | the act of killing an infant(杀婴)
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| gender selection | the choice of whether to keep a fetus based on its gender
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| population growth rate | 人口增长率( natural increase + net migration)
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| dependency ratio | 抚养比率(
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| dependency load | the % of a population that is younger than 15 or older than 64 years of age
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| population distribution | 人口分布- the pattern of where people live in an area
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| ecumene | 世界上有人（适于人类）居住的部分 - populated area o the world
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| population density | 人口密度- the # of people living in a given area( area divided the population)
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| population pyramid | a bar graph that shows male and female population back at age interval of five years
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| age cohort | 年龄队列，年龄群组
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| Neo -Malthusians | people who share Malthus' pessimistic views regarding population growth.
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| carrying capacity | 载流容量，承载能力 the maximum # of people that can be sustained by an environment
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| ecological footprint | the impact of human on the environment生态足迹
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| cornucopian | 丰富的
ppl who have optimistic view on population growth due to advances in science and technology
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| demographic regulation | 人口调控 a theory
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| Ch 12 | living standards
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| Infrastructure | 基础设施.
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| Developed countries | the world wealthiest countries( had well-established infrastructure and ppl are well-housed,healthy and have good literacy skilld)
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| Newly industrializing countries | 新兴工业化国家
countries that r experiencing rapid economic and industrial growth
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| developing countries | countries that have lower standard of living than developed countries
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| heavily indebted poor countries ( hipcs) | 重债穷国
coun. at the low end of the UN human development index that r debt to developed nations
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| human development index | 人类发展指数 - used to rank standards of living in its member count.
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| standard of living | 生活标准-
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| literacy rate | 识字率( the % of population that is able to read and write
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| GDP per capita | 人均国内生产总值,人均國內生產總值 (all good and services produced in a country in 1 year)
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| non- governmental organizations(NGOs) | 非政府间组织, 民间机构委员会
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| Millennium Development Goals( MDGs) | 千年发展计划 ( 8 goals developed by the member states of the unite nation to close the gap in the living standards between developed and developing countries
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| mortality | death rate, calculated as # of death per 1000 ppl in a population
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| malnutrition | poor, lack of 营养不良
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| globalization | the spread of idea,information and culture around the world through advances in communication..全球化，全球性
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| Multinational corporation ( MNCs) | companies that do business is more than 1 country
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| world bank | 世界银行 - provide financial, technical help developing countries
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| organization for economic co-operation and development(oced) | 经济合作与发展组织 ,
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| bilateral aid | 双边援助 assistance from 1 count. to another
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| Chapter 13 | Environment
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| sustainable development | a way to maintain economic growth without damaging the environment 可持续发展
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| earth summit | a meeting of world leaders. held in pio de janeriro,brazil, in 1992, to discuss environment change
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| agenda 21 | a statement of environmental action
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| herbicides | substance used to kill plants 灭草剂
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| pesticides | substance used to kill pests( ex. unwanted plants and animals) 杀害虫剂 ,农药
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| organic | grown without chemical
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| co2 emission | carbon dioxide emissions caused by burning of fossil fuels( largest contributor of global warming )
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| biodiversity | 生物多类状态( having a variety of life forms)
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| ecotourism | 生态旅游- tourism to threatened areas that tries to be low-impact and small scale
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| biosphere | regions pf earth, made up of all the ecozones
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| stewardship | 管事人之职位及职责； 管理工作 - careful management of resource
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| carrying capacity | 载流容量- the largest population than an environment can support
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| deforestation | 采伐森林
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| global warming | the projected increase in the earth's average temperature due to burning of fossil fuels and deforestation
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| ecology | 生态学； 社会生态学- the science concerned with the relationship between living things and their environment
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| acid precipitation | 酸性降水
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