Urinary Tract Neoplasm
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| If you see a word refering to a disease and it ends in -oma what do you know about that disease | it implies that the disease is benign
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| What renal tumor is grossly brown-orange and sometimes has a central scar | Renal oncocytoma
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| This tumor is small (<.5cm) well circumscribed, pale, and found in the middle of the medullary pyramids | Medullary fibroma
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| How is an angiomyolipoma diagnosed | on imaging
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| Why don't we resect every angiomyolipoma | risk of hemorrhage
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| What tumor is grossly yellow with areas of hemorrhage (benign) | Angiomyolipoma
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| Angiomyolipoma is difficult to distinguish from? | renal cell carcinoma of the clear cell type
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| What is an angiomyolipoma composed of microscopically | adipose tissue, smooth muscle and thick walled vessels
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| Angiomyolipomas ave a strong association with? | Tuberous sclerosis (80% of patients with TS have angiomyolipomas)
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| When is mesoblastic nephroma usually picked up? | in 1st 3 months of life
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| what benign tumor is grossly not very distinct and quite variable in size (1cm to >15cm) | Mesoblastic Nephroma
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| What tumor is microscopically composed of fusiform cells differentiating towards fibroblast or myofibroblasts | Mesoblastic Nephroma
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| Nephroblastoma (not benign) is also referred to as? | Wilms Tumor
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| What are the 3 embryonal elements the compose a wilms tumor | Blastema, Stroma, epithelial
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| When and how does Wilms tumor present | large abdominal mass from 1-3 years of age
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| Wilms tumor is very uncommon after what age | 10
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| What is the gross appearance and microscopic composition of a Wilms tumor | pale tan on cut surface and microscopically usually a mixture of the 3 embryonal elements
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| what are the congenital syndromes associated with the 5% of Wilms tumors that are not sporadic | WAGR syndrome, Denys-Drash syndrome, or Beckwith-Wiedeman syndrome
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| what gene is responsible for all wilms tumors in the context of WAGR syndrom and 10% of sporadic Wilms Tumors | WT1 tumor suppressor gene
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| what is the most common malignant renal cell tumor in adults | Renal Cell Carcinoma (>11,000 cases / year)
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| about 1/3 of renal cell carcinomas are associated with? | tobacco use
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| what are the syndromes/diseases associated with 5% of inherited Renal Cell Carcinomas | AD renal cell carcinoma syndrome, von Hippel-Lindau disease, hereditary papllary reanl cell carcinoma syndrome
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| Loss of 1 allele of what gene on what chromosome is responsible for the vast majority of sporadic conventional (clear cell) renal cell carcinomas | Loss of one allele of the VHL gene on chromosome 3p
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| what are the 4 main types of renal cell carcinoma | Conventional (clear cell), Papillary, Chromophobe, and Collecting duct carcinoma
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| Prognosis of Clear cell (conventional) renal cell carcinoma is based on? | stage and grade
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| Does papillary renal cell carcinoma have a better or worse prognosis than Conventional clear cell renal carcinoma | for the most part better
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| What renal cell carcinoma stains a gorgeous turquoise color with Hale's colloid iron? | Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma
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| What renal cell carcinoma has a hobnail configuration in a dense stroma | Collecting duct carcinoma
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| what is the most common (70%) renal cell carcinoma | Conventional (Clear cell) type
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| where do Urothelial (transitional cell) carcinomas arise | in the urothlium of the renal pelvis (morphologically identical to the urothelial carcinomas of the bladder)
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