Bob Jones Life Science - Chapter 20
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| homeostasis | The internal balance or "steady state" that an organism must maintain.
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| erythrocyte | A red blood cell that functions primarily to transport oxygen
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| hemoglobin | The red pigment found in red blood cells that transports oxygen and some carbon dioxide
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| leukocyte | A white blood cell that functions primarily in the body's immune system
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| antibody | A protein the body produces to eliminate invading antigens, such as bacteria and viruses
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| platelet | A cell fragment found in the blood that is involved in the formation of blood clots
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| blood plasma | The fluid portion of the blood
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| artery | A vessel that carries blood away from the heart
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| capillary | One of many tiny blood vessels where diffusion of nutrients and exchange of gases between the blood and other body tissues take place
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| vein | In plants, a structure containing vascular tissues in leaf blades; in animals and humans, a vessel that carries blood toward the heart
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| heart | A muscular organ that pumps blood
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| atrium | An upper heart chamber that receives blood from the lungs or the body
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| ventricle | A lower heart chamber that pumps blood into the arteries
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| atrioventricular valve (AV valve) | A one-way valve that separates an atrium from a ventricle in the heart and prevents the back flow of blood into the atrium
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| semilunar valve | A structure in the heart that allows the blood to leave a ventricle but prevents it from returning
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| aorta | The largest artery in the body carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to smaller arteries in the body
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| pulse | The rhythmic expansion of the arteries caused by the pumping of the heart
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| blood pressure | The pressure of the blood against the walls of the arteries
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| inflammation | The reaction of tissues to injury or infection that is characterized by swelling, redness, and increased temperature
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| anitgen | A molecule that a macrophage recognizes as not belonging in the body, triggering an immune system reaction
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| immune system | The body system that produces special chemicals and blood cells to fight specific pathogens
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| allergy | The overreaction of the immune system to a foreign substance that is normally not a pathogen
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| kidney | An organ found in most vertebrates that filters wastes from the blood
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| ureter | A tube that carries urine from a kidney to the urinary bladder
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| urinary bladder | An organ that temporarily stores the fluid wastes (urine) from a kidney
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| urethra | The tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
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| nephron | A microscopic unit that filters blood in a kidney
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| urine | A fluid that contains wastes from the blood and is passed out of the body
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