BIO202 - Ch 27 - Reproductive System -male - Marieb/Hoehn - RioSalado - AZ
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| Seminiferous tubules | Actual "sperm factories" - 250 - 300 lobules in each testis.
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| Smooth muscle-like cells that squeeze sperm & testicular fluid out through tubules. | myloid cells
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| What do the interstitial cells (Leydig) produce? | androgens (testosterone)
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| The __ absorbs heat from arterial blood, cooling it before it enters testes. | Pampiniform plexus - network of veins that surround testicular artery within scrotum.
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| CT sheath that encloses blood vessels & lymphatic, & nerves for testis. | spermatic cord
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| orchiectomy | testis removal
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| The penis & scrotum are suspended from? | the perineum
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| tip of penis | glans penis
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| prepuce | foreskin of penis
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| Accessory ducts of testes proximal to distal. | Epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory, & urethra
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| Sperm are ejaculated from the __ not testes. | epididymis
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| What contributes the bulk of semen | Seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands, & prostate
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| What is stored in seminal vesicles? | Yellowish viscous alkaline fluid & fructose that enhance sperm motility or fertilizing power - 60% volume of semeninal fluid for sperm.
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| What role does prostate secretions play? | Activates sperm - acidic - enzymes
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| Prostatitis | Inflammation of prostate
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| Role of bulbourethral glands | Produce thick mucus - neutralizes acidic urine in urethra - lubricates glan penis
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| Prostaglandins in semen affect woman how? | Decrease mucus plug of cervix & reverse peristalsis in uterus to facilitate sperm movement through female reproductive tract.
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| Male orgasm is a __ reflex. | spinal
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| Everyday, a healthy adult male makes apx. __ sperm. | 400 million
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| Normal chromosome number in most body cells is __. | 46 - "2n" - diploid chromosomal number.
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| homologous chromosomes | pairs of similar chromosomes - one from each parent.
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| Number of chromosomes in gametes. | 23 - "n" - haploid chromosomal number
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| Meiosis consists of __ nuclear divisons & product is __ daughter cells with __ as many chromosomes as typical body cells. | 2 - 4 - half
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| Erectile dysfunction results from lack of __. | nitric oxide
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| Synapsis | In Prophase of Meiosis I - replicated chromosomes seek out & pair up with their homologous partners - tetrads are formed.
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| tetrads | Little groups of 4 chromatids - in Prophase of Meiosis I.
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| Chiasmata | Crossovers that occur within each tetrad as free ends exchange.
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| Reduction division of meiosis | Meiosis I reduces chromosome number from 2n to n.
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| What unique even occurs in meiosis that is not in mitosis? | Synapsis - tetrads formation of little packets of 4 chromatids
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| Longest period of meiosis | Prophase I - 90% of time
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| Which phase of meiosis is like mitosis? | Phase 2
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| Equational division of meiosis | Meiosis II - because chromatids are distributed equally to daughter cells.
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| What 2 important tasks does meiosis accomplish? | (1) reduces chromosomal number by half & (2) introduces genetic variability.
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| What increases genetic variability in meiosis? | Random alignment of homologous pairs during meiosis I, & cross over during Prophase I.
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| Type B cell of spermatogonia | Becomes primary spermatocyte destined to produce 4 sperm.
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| Spermatocytes become __. | secondary spermatocytes, then spermatids.
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| Spermiogenesis | Spermatids become sperm - tail forms
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| acrosome | lysosome-like sperm helmet used to penetrate egg.
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| What cell type results from meiosis? | spermatids
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| brain-testicular axis | interactions between hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland, & testes for hormonal regulation.
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| __ stimulates spermatogenesis. | FSH - follicle-stimulating hormone.
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| __ binds to interstitial cells & causes testosterone secretion. | LH - luteinizing hormone
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| What does inhibin do? | hormone that inhibits sperm count.
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| Testosterone is synthesized from __. | cholesterol
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