Stack #106108
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| electromagnestic radiation | radiant energy that exhibits wavelike properties and travels through space at the speed of light in a vacuum
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| wavelength | the distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs in a wave
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| frequency | the number of waves pers second that pass a given point in space
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| units for frequency | 1/sec or hertz
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| symbol for frequency | v
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| symbol for wavelength | lamda
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| speed of light | 3x10 to the 8th m/s
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| photon | a particle of light
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| e equals | 6.626x10 to the -34 times frequency
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| visibile light spectrum | 400 nm to 700 nm, violet to red.
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| speed of light is | wavelength times frequency
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| equation to represent this phenomenom | -2.178x10 times (1/n2final- 1/n2initial)
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| principal quantum number | the quantum number relating to the size and energy of an orbita; it can have nay positive integer value
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| angular momentum quantum number | the quantum number relating to the shape of an atomic orbital which can assume any integral value from 0 to n-1 for each value of n
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| magnetic quantum numbe | the quantum number relating to the orientation of an orbital in spce relative to the other orbitals with the same l value. it can have integral values from -l to l, including zero
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| electron spin uantum number | a quantum number repreating one of the two possible values for the electron spin, either 1/2 or -1/2
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| s | 0
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| p | 1
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| d | 2
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| f | 3
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| heisenberg uncertainity principle | there is a fundamental limitation to how precisely both the position and momentum of a particle can be known at a given time
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| aufbau principle | as protons are added one by one to the neucleus to build up elements, electrons are similarly added to ortbials. An electron must occupy the lowest possible enrgy orbital.
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| pauli exclusion principle | in a given atom, no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers
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| hunds rule | the lowest energy configuration for an ato is the one having the max number of unpaired electrons allowed by the pauli exclusion principle in a particular set of degenerate orbitas, orbitals in the same energy level and sublevel, with all the unpaired ele
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| ground state | the lowest possible energy state of an atom
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| excited state | an energy state higher than the ground state of an atom. an outside source of energy must be supplied to reach this state.
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| valence electrons | the electrons in the outermost principal quantum level of an atom
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| core electron | an inner electron in an atom
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| paramagnetism | a type of induced magnetism, associated with unpaired electrons, that causes a substance to be attracted into the inducing magnetic field
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| diamagnetism | a type of magnetism, associated with paired electrons, that causes a substance to be repelled from the inducting magnetic field.
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| atomic radius | half othe distance between 2 radii in a covalently bonded diatomic molecule
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| ionaization energy | the energy required to remove one electron from an atom
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| electron affinity | tthe energy change asscoaited with the addition of an electron to a gaseous atom
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| electronegativity | the tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract shared eletrons to itself
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