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| Ques. 1) Describe the number of bones in the human body as an adult and as a child? | Humans are born with about 300 to 350 bones. Many of these bones fuse together between birth and maturity to produce an average adult total of 206 bones.
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| Ques. 2) Muscles move through which two involuntary movements? | Muscles allow movement of the body through contraction and relaxation.
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| Ques. 3) What is the primary function of the bones? | Bones support the body and protect internal organs.
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| Ques. 4) Describe three common disorders of the musculoskeletal systems? | Sprains, Dislocations, and fractures. (Also, Joint Disruptions & Degeneration)
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| Ques. 5) Define Sprain. | Sprain - injury to the joint capsule and its supporting ligaments.
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| Ques. 6) Define Strain. | Strain - injury to a muscle and it's supporting tendons.
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| Ques. 7) What is the treatment plan for a moderate sprain? | Moderate: 1) Rest affected area prevent further injury. 2) Healing may take 6 to 8 weeks.
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| Ques. 8) When does luxation occur? | Luxation is a dislocation of the joint. It occurs when the end of the bone is displaced from its articular surface.
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| Ques. 9) Describle subluxation. | A subluxation is a partial dislocation. It can be caused by trauma or disease, or it may be congenital.
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| Ques. 10) Desribe 3 syptoms of dislocations? | Pain, Pressure, and Limited Movement. (Also, Deformity, Numbness, and Loss of a Pulse)
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| Ques. 11) Describe three causes of a fracture? | Causes: Falls, Other Trauma, Disease, Tumors & Unusual Stress.
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| Ques. 12) Describe two fracture symptoms? | Sypmtoms: Pain, Swelling, Hemorrhage, Lack of movement or unusual movement, contusion, and deformity.
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| Ques. 13) Describe the primary treatment plan for an open and closed fracture? | 1)Reduction or realigning the bone by placing the broken ends into proper alignment. 2)Casting, splinting, wrapping, and taping are means of maintaining and immobilizing a closed reduction while bone heals. 3)Surgical insertion of pins and plates.
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| Ques. 14) Define compound fracture. | Fracture in which the skin has been broken through to the fracture. AKA Open Fracture.
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| Ques. 15) Describe a material that a cast made is of? | Casting materials are either plaster/ fiberglass. Trad. plaster casts are bandages impregnated with calcium sulfate crystals and supplied as rolls of material in widths appropriate to a variety of sites.Fiberglass fabric has more open weave than plaster.
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| Ques. 16) DJD is caused by what? | Degenerative Joint Disease is caused by wear and tear on the weight-bearing joints. As the articular cartilage degerates, the ends of the bones enlarge, causing an intrusion of bone into the joint cavity.
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| Ques. 17) Describe a treatment plan for rheumatoid arthritis? | Treatment – anti-inflammatory medications and corticosteroid or gold injections into the affected joint, heat and cold applications, and protection of painful joints with splint or braces Severe case – artificial joint
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| Ques. 18) Describe a treatment plan for tendonitis. | Treatment – oral anti-inflammatory, rest, heat or cold applications, ultrasound, massage, iontophoresis, deep massage
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| Ques. 19) Describe four symptoms of fibromyalgia. | Causes multiple, nonspecific symptoms including widespread pain in specific body areas, muscular stiffness, fatigue, and difficulty sleeping. Symptoms can be intermittent
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| Ques. 20) How many vertebrae does the spine include? | The spine is made up of 33 vertebrae, separated by 23 intervertebral discs.
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| Ques. 21) Describe the six major organs which make up the digestive system. | Esophagus, Stomach, Small/Large Intestine, Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas.
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| Ques. 22) What is the sole purpose of the esophagus? | To carry food, liquids and saliva from the mouth to the stomach.
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| Ques. 23) When does GERD occur? | GERD happens when a band of muscle at the end of your esophagus does not close properly. This allows stomach contents to leak back, or reflux into, into the esophagus and irritate it. Over time, GERD can cause damage to the esophagus.
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| Ques. 24) Which organ is classified as one of the largest organs in the human body? | The Liver
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| Ques. 25) Describe the two ways in which an individual can get Hepatitis A? | 1. eating , drinking food or water that has been contaminated with stool that contains hepatitis A.
2. Sexual practices which involves oral or anal contact.
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| Ques. 26) What is the purpose of the gallbladder? | The gallbladders function to store bile produced by liver; gallbladder releases bile into duodenum through common bile duct.
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| Ques. 27) Describe the role of the pancreas? | The role of the pancreas is to make insulin, other hormones, and pancreatic juices.
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| Ques. 28) Describe chronic pancreatitis. | a progressive disorder that can destroy the pancreas
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| Ques. 29) Describe the three parts of the small instestines. | Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum.
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| Ques. 30) The large intestine is also known as what? | The large intestine is also known as the Colon. Also known as “large bowel”
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| Ques. 31) The segment of the COLON between the sigmoid colon and teh ANUS is called what? | Rectum. The end of the process: solid waste is then stored in the RECTUM until it is excreted via the anus.
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| Ques. 32) Describe IBS. | Irritable Bowel Syndrome is a distrubance in the functions of the intestine from unknown causes.
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| Ques. 33) Describe lactose intolerance. | the inability to digest lactose. Lactose is a type of sugar found in milk and other dairy products.
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| Ques. 34) Describe 3 symptoms of a disease/disorder of the digestive system? | Some common problems include cancer, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and lactose intolerance.
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| Ques. 35) What are gall stones? | A hard mass composed of bile pigments, cholesterol, and calcium salts, in varying proportions, that can form inside the gallbladder.
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| Ques. 36) Explain the rule of nines? | a method of estimating the extent of body surface that has been burned in an adult, dividing the body into sections of 9% or multiples of 9%
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| Ques. 37) Define gangrene. | Tissue necrosis usually due to deficient blood supply
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| Ques. 38) What is the purpose of sebum? | The sebum is a thick, oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands. It lubricates the skin to prevent dying out.
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| Ques. 39) Describe the three layers of the skin. | Epidermis: thin outer layer. Dermis: middle layer has nerves. Subcutaneous: deep layer.
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| Ques. 40) Describe dermatitis. | The inflammation of the skin.
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