vocabularies
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| epistaxis | nose bleeding
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| anosomia | change in sense of smell
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| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing
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| bruxism | grinding
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| rhinorrhea | clear nasal discharge, "runny nose"
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| acute rhinitis (often viral) | swelling with bright red mucosa, discharge (watery, may become purulent)
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| allergic rhinitis | pale mucosa, associated with etchy eyes, sneezing, etc
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| frenulum | connects tongue to floor of mouth
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| uvula | middle of sofft palate
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| bridge | superior part of nose, upper third of nose is bone
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| tip | end of nose - cartilage
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| nares | nasal passage
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| columella | tissue between 2 nares
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| ala nasi (around nostril) | lateral outside wind of nose
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| vibrissae | coarse hair lining anterior edge of nose
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| ciliated (hairlike) mucous membrane | lining the remainder of the nasal cavity and filters fine dust and bacteria
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| brain abscess | a mass of immune cells, pus, and other material due to a bacterial or fungal infection
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| nasal septum | separates nares
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| olfactory receptors | hair cells - in roof of nasal cavity and upper 1/3 of septum: receptors transmit sensation to the olfactory nerve (CN1) and to temporal lobe of brain
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| gingiva | gums - thick fibrous tissue covered with mucous membranes
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| gingivitis | swelling, hypertrophy of gums - r/t poor dental hygiene
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| gingival hyperplasia | seen in pregnancy, puberty, leukemia, long use of phenytoin
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| leukoplakia | white patch lesion in mouth, non-painful precancerous lesion, doesn't scrape off
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| candidiasis or monilia infection "thrush" | white cheesy patch, often occurring with AB (antibiotics destroy normal bacterial flora which results in proliferation of fungus) scrapping off THOUGH
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| black hairy tongue | fungus after antibiotics
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| aphthous ulcers (canker sores) | cause unknown; acidic foods? autoimmune?
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| Koplik's spots | small blue-white spots; an early sign of measles
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| torus palatinus | midline bony ridge in hard palate (insignificant), common in native american and asians
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| cleft lip and cleft palate | incomplete fusion of maxillary process - affects sucking; more common in native american and asians
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| bifid uvula | partial or complete split of uvula - not significant; common in native americans and asians
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| acute tonsillitis | bright red, swollen tonsils, with exudate - may occlude airway
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| post nasal drip | yellow mucoid film in back of throat
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| exudate or large white spots | mononucleosis, leukemia, diphtheria ..)
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| maloccusion | in infant and child; often r/t sucking thumb; misalignment of teeth and the way that the upper and lower teeth fit together (bite)
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| xerostomia | dryness in mouth (often due to med., antihypertensives, antihistamines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, bronchodilators)
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| breath odor | halitosis
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| hoarseness | may have lums in throat
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