Active and Passive Cell Transport for HS Freshman Honors Biology
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| passive transport | process by which some substances can cross the cell membrane without any input of energy by the cell
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| diffusion | movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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| concentration gradient | difference in the concentration of molecules across a distance
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| equilibrium | concentration of molecules is the same throughout the space the molecules occupy
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| simple diffusion | diffusion across a membrane that only allows certain molecules to pass through the membrane
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| osmosis | process by which water molecules diffuse across a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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| hypotonic | describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cell
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| hypertonic | describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cell
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| isotonic | describes a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell
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| contractile vacuoles | organelles that remove water by collecting the excess water and then contracting to pump out the water
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| turgor pressure | pressure that water molecules exert against the cell wall
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| plasmolysis | condition in which cells shrink away from the cell walls, and turgor pressure is lost
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| cytolysis | condition in which a hypotonic environment causes water to diffuse into the cell, making it swell and eventually burst
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| facilitated diffusion | type of passive transport in which molecules that cannot readily diffuse through cell membranes are assisted by carrier proteins; thus ~ facilitated
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| carrier proteins | specific proteins in the membrane that assist the movement of molecules in facilitated diffusion
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| ion channels | type of membrane protein involved in passive transport - diffusion through ion channels
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| active transport | movement of materials from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration; UP concentration gradient; REQUIRES cell to expend ENERGY
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| sodium-potassium pump | transports Na+ ions and K+ ions up their concentration gradients
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| endocytosis | process by which cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles, including other cells
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| pinocytosis | involves transport of solutes or liquids: DRINK
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| phagocytosis | movement of large particles or whole cells
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| phagocytes | cells that allow lysosomes to fuse with the vesicles that contain the ingested bacteria and viruses
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| vesicle | pouch pinched off from the cell membrane, becoming a membrane bound organelle
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| exocytosis | the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out of the cell
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