Descriptions of Muscles involved in mastication
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| Shape: Masseter Muscle | Rectangle
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| Divided: Masseter Muscle | 2 portions: superficial (downward and backward) and deep (vertical)
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| Origin: Masseter Muscle | inferior border of zygomatic arch
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| Insertion: Masseter Muscle | lateral aspect of the lower border of the ramus of the mandible
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| Function: Masseter Muscle | elevates the mandible and brings teeth in contact, in particular the superficial portion is involved in protrusion and stabilizing the condyle
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| Shape: Temporalis Muscle | fan
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| Origin: Temporalis Muscle | temporal fossa and lateral surface of the skull
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| Insertion: Temporalis Muscle | coronoid process and anterior border of the ascending ramus
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| Function: Temporalis Muscle | Elevates the mandible and brings teeth in contact
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| Divided: Temporalis Muscle | Anterior Portion, Middle Portion, Posterior Portion
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| Anterior Portion of the Temporalis Muscle | vertical fibers, elevates mandible
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| Middle Portion of the Temporalis Muscle | oblique fibers, elevates and retrudes the mandible
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| Posterior Portion of the Temporalis Muscle | horizontal fibers, controversal- retrudes?
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| Origin: Medial Pterygoid Muscle | pterygoid fossa
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| insertion: Medial Pterygoid Muscle | medial surface of the mandibular angle
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| Function: Medial Pterygoid Muscle | elevates the mandible and brings the teeth in contact, protrusion
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| Divided: Lateral Pterygoid Muscle | superior Lateral Pterygoid Muscle and inferior Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
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| Origin: superior Lateral Pterygoid Muscle | infratemporal surface of the great sphenoid wing
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| Insertion: superior Lateral Pterygoid Muscle | articular capsule
disk and neck of the condyle (60-70%)
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| Function: superior Lateral Pterygoid Muscle | activated with the elevator muscles: power stroke (chewing/clenching)and when teeth are held together
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| Origin: Inferior Lateral Pterygoid Muscle | outer surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
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| Insertion: Inferior Lateral Pterygoid Muscle | neck of the condyle
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| Function: Inferior Lateral Pterygoid Muscle | bilateral contraction: protrusion of the mandible
vertical contraction: lateral movement of the mandible to the contralateral side
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| Divided: Suprahyoids | glenlohyoid
mylohyoid
stylohyoid
diagastric
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| Origin: Suprahyoids | mandible
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| Insertion: Suprahyoids | hyoid
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| Function: Suprahyoids | depress mandible
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| Divided: Diagastric | anterior belly
posterior belly
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| Origin: Anterior Belly of the Diagastric | fossa on the lingual surface of the mandible
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| Insertion: Anterior Belly of the Diagastric | intermediate tendon/hyoid bone
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| Function: Anterior Belly of the Diagastric | bilateral contraction:
mandible is depressed and pulled backwards-> teeth are brought out of contact
raise the hyoid bone in conjunction with supra and infrahyoid muscles
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| Origin: Posterior Belly of the Diagastric | fossa on the lingual surface of the mandible
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| Insertion: Posterior Belly of the Diagastric | intermediate tendon/hyoid bone
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| Function: Posterior Belly of the Diagastric | bilateral contraction:
mandible is depressed and pulled backwards-> teeth are brought out of contact
raise the hyoid bone in conjunction with supra and infrahyoid muscles
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| Divided: Infrahyoids | thyrohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
Omohyoid
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| Origin: Infrahyoids | hyoid
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| Insertion: Infrahyoids | calvicle
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| Funcction: Infrahyoids | depress and stabilize the hyoid bone so the suprahyoids may act as accessory depressors of the mandible
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