skin course
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| Disulfiram Like Reaction | -Side effect from Griseofulvin
-interrupt alcohol metabolism, blocking oxidation of alcohol
-accumultion of acetaldehyde in blood produce unpleasant symptom
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| Arthropod | -highly organized invertebrate animal
-paired, jointed appendages, a chitinized exoskeleton, hemocele
-2 medical related species : Insecta (3 pairs of walking legs) & Arachnida (4 pairs of walking leg)
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| Arthropod Insecta | flies, fleas, lice, bees, wasps
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| Arthropod Arachnids | spiders, ticks, mites
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| How did arthropoda affect human body? | 1) Ectoparasites: live on human or attach to follicle
2) Intermediate or definitive host of aniaml parasites
Venom-producing agent (produce toxin or induce allergic reaction)
Vector of infectious disease
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| Infestation | The state of being invade or overun by parasites
=Parasitic disease
e.g. itc mites, larval mite, flea, tick, bedbug, etc
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| actin and myosin | microfilment
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| structural microfilaments, composed of F actin | actin
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| G actin polymerized into a double helix | F actin
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| Monomeric actin subunits | G actin
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| actin crosslinking protein that forms networks in erythrocytes | spectrin
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| actin crosslinking protein that network in straiated muscle | Dystrophin
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| Duchenne Musclular dystrophy | sex linked mutation of dystrophin gene
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| a structural microfilmaent as well as motor protein for actin | Myosin
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| Actin and myosin assoicated with each other | actomysin
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| bundles of actomyosin anchored to the basal surface of fibroblast, which are themselves attached to the substrtum. There fibers produce tension across cell layer | Stress Fibrer
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| Polymers of alpha and beta tubulin | Microtubiules
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| Microtubular crosslinking proteins that form network | Tau and MAP
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| A major intermediate filament of epithelial cells | Keratin (hair and nails consist of dead epithelial cell)
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| Intermediate filament supporting the nuclear membrane | Nuclear lamins
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| Extracellular matrix fibers that resis stretching, composed of 3 helices coiled around each other in a triple helix | Collagen
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| Stretchable extracellular matrix fibers that provide tissues with pliability | Elastin
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| Glycoprotein microfibrils that provide a scaffold for assembly of elastic fiber | Fibrillin
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| Polysaccharides of the extracellular matrix composed of disaccharide repeats of modified sugar | Glycosaminoglycan
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| A particularly large GAG that exist free in the excellular matrix | Hyaluronan
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| Exracellular matrix component composed of core protein attached to one or more glycosaminoglycan | Proteoglycan
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| A regulatory proteoglycan control inflammation | Heparin
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| Extracellular matrix crosslinking protein forming networks in the basal lamina | Laminin
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| Extracellular matrix crosslinking protein with multiple binding domains for different factors (Heparin, collagen, integrin) | Fibronectin
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| Thin bands of membrane around the apical perimeters of epithelial cell held closely together by proteins such as occludin and claudin. They seal cell to prevent diffusion of molecules across the epithelium | Zonula Occluden
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| Transmembrane complexes that allow diffusion of small molecules between cells to vesicle | Gap junction
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| Rows of structures anchoring ctin microfilaments to the apical surface of epitalial cells, just beneath of tight junction | Zonula Adheren
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| Microfilmaent bundles (actin and myosin0 that encircle the apical perimeter of epithelial cells at the level of the belt desmosome | Circumferential belt
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| Isolated "spot welds" joining ht eintermediate filament cytoskeleton of two cells at their lateral surfaces | Spot desmosomes
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| Structures that anchor the intermediate filament cytoskeleton of an epithelial cell to the basal lamina | Hemidesomosomes
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| Structures that anchor microfilament stress fibers to the basal surface of many cells, particular epithelial | Focal adhesion
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| Membrane associated proteins that anchor the microfilament cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane by binding actin crosslinking protein | Membrane-microfilmane tbinding proteins
Band 3 anion transporter (ankyrin + spectrin)
Dystrophin and glycoprotein complex
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| example of structural application of actin | Microvilli
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| Disease associate wiht overproduction of collagen | Fibrosis
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| Lack of hydroxyproline reside due to vitamine C deficiency | Scurvy
ascorbic acid is required for hydroxylation
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| Ehler-danlos syndrome | rubber man syndrom
under production or incomplete process of different collagen
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| Ostegenesis imperfect | brittle bone syndrome
mutation of type I collagen (sub gly residue with more bulky aa)
interfere triple helix assemble
often mistake as Child abuse
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| List 2 component in a tensegrity system | 1) Continuous component: resist stretching (tendon, ligament)
2) Discontinuous components: resist compression (bone)
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| Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa | Mutation in Type VII Collagen
9anchoring fibrils)gene
cause easy blistering of hte skin
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| where do we find transition cell usually | Urinary bladder cell
normal: cuboidal cell
Streched or filled bladder: Squamous cell
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| Cirrhosis | cause from damage of liver hepatocytes due to inflammotry
Type III reticular fiber is replaced by Type I collagen
Blood flow is blocked and result in portal hypertension
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| Which stain can be used to visualize Type III Reticular fiber? | Silver salts stain
invisible under light microscopy
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| Tendonosis/tendonopathy | wear & tear, injury or infection can casue disorganization of collagen bundles in a tendon and ligament
take long time to heal due to Acascular
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| what medication should be used to treat anaphylaxis | epinephrine
hypersensitivy due to mass degranulation of mast cell
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| What substance does mast cell release? | Histamine and heparin
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| What substance does fat release affect appeptite | Leptin
decrease leptin will increase appetite
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| difference between adult and children obseity | Adult: Adipocyte Hypertrophy (increase in fat cell size)
children: Adipocyte hyperplasia (increase in number of adipocytes)
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| where do we find apocrine sweat gland? | Axillary, areolar, anal region
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| Pilosebaceous unit | Arrector pili muscle = hair follicle + sebaceous gland
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