Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration
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| Identify some specific processes the cell does with ATP. | Glycolysis goes through a process to make ATP
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| Explain why ATP is such a "high energy" molecule. | Because it's created from reactions like Glycolysis
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| How does ATP "couple reactions"? | The energy released by exergonic reactions fuel endergonic reactions
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| What is the name of enzymes which phosphorylate molecules? | NADH
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| Oxidation | The loss of one or more electrons by an atom, ion, or molecule
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| Reduction | The gain of one or more electrons by an atom, ion, or molecule
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| What is the role of NAD+ & FAD+2 is respiration? | Electron carriers that transport electrons to where they need to go to make ATP
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| Explain why respiration is considered exergonic. | Can happen with O² and it is in cytosol
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| Glycolysis | starts with glucose and produces pyruvate
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| The Kreb's cycle takes place in the: | mitochondrial matrix
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| Pyruvate is converted to | 2C before the Krebs cycle
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| The Electron Transport Chain is located in the: | mitochondria
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| Describe the role of the Electron Transport Chain. What happens to the electrons and H+? | Proteins pass electrons from one carrier protein to the next
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| What is chemiomosis and how is it generated? | Electron transport and ATP synthesis are coupled by means of a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryote
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| How does the mitochondrion generate ATP? | ADP is added with Pi and then you get ATP
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| What happens to most of the energy released during cell respiration? | It is recycled and used again
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| Alcholic fermentation converts glucose to: | Ethanol
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| Alcholic fermentation is utilized by what organisms? | Bacteria, yeast
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| Lactic acid fermentation converts glucose to: | Lactate
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| Lactic acid fermentation is utilized by what organisms? | Animals, some fungi
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| Identify example of negative feedback. | Electron not carried
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| Identify example of positive feedback. | An electron transport chain
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| Write the summary equation for cellular respiration. | C6 H12 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ≈ 36ATD
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| Where did the glucose come from? | Photosynthesis
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| Where did the O2 come from? | From plants
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| Where did the CO2 come from? | Food we eat
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| Where did the H2O come from? | Oxygen being final electron receptor
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| Where did the ATP come from? | Glycolysis, etc, chemiomosis
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| What else is produced that is not listed in this equation? | NADH and NADH2
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| What was the evolutionary advantage of the proto-eukaryotes that engulfed aerobic bacteria but did not digest them? | They were bigger that the aerobic bacteria that they engulfed
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| Why do we eat? | To live and put energy back in our body
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| Why do we breathe? | To bring in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide
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| Respiration | The opposite process extracting that stored energy from glucose to form ATP
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| Cytochromes | Modified proteins that participate as carrier proteins in the chain
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| Oxygen | The last electron acceptor at the end of the chain
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| Forms water | ½O2 accepts the two electrons along with 2 H+
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| What is the value of the alcoholic fermentation pathway? | It replenishes NAD+ so that glycolysis can produce ATP.
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| What is the purpose of oxygen in aerobic respiration? | Oxygen accepts electrons at the end of an electron transport chain.
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| Which of the following sequences correctly indicates the potential ATP yield of the indicated molecules from greatest ATP yield to least ATP yield? | Glucose, pyruvate, acetyl CoA, NADH
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| Glycolysis | decomposition of glucose to pyruvate
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| Lactate (lactic acid) fermentation | Transfers hydrogen atoms to pyruvate reducing it to lactate
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| Pyruvate | 3 carbon molecule
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| ATP | common source of activation energy for metabolic reactions
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| Aerobic respiration | respiration in the presense of O2
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| Electron transport chain | Consists of proteins that pass electrons from one carrier protein to the next
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| Catabolism | Releases energy by splitting complex molecules into smaller components
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| Anabolism | Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler building blocks (helps maintain cell or organism)
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| Alchol fermentation | Yeasts that carry out aerobic respiration when oxygen is not available
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| Mitochondria | Membrane enclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells (generates most of the cell's supply of ATP)
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| Proton motive force | Movement of hydrogen+ through ATP synthesis powering production of ATP
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| Chemiosmosis | Build up of H+, so that H+ flow through ATP synthase enzyme to build ATP
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