| Flap 1 | Flap 2 |
| Q Which of the BV's supplying the diaphragm are branches off of the internal thoracic a.? Where do the OTHER TWO BV's branch off? | A The pericardiacophrenic and the musculophrenic both branch off the internal thoracic a., while the sup phrenic branches at the end of the thoracic aorta, and the inf phrenic at the first part of the abdominal aorta. |
| Q Does the diaphragm function for inspiration or expiration? | A Inspiration |
| Q Aside from the phrenic n, what is the innervation of the diaphragm? | A intercostal nn. |
| Q What is the definition of a "false"rib? | A ribs 8-10 are false b/c they attach to costal cartilages of the ribs above. |
| Q What is an interesting structure found on the head of typical ribs? | A a wedge shaped crest |
| Q The costal groove on a typical rib protects intercostal nn/vessels. Where is this groove found on the rib? | A Inferior portion of internal surface. |
| Q Which rib has no angle? | A rib 1 Remember this rib is smooth on bottom, and has STUFF on top. |
| Q There are two grooves on the superior edge of the first rib? What are these grooves for? | A the subclavian vein ANT, and the subclavian artery POS |
| Q What is found between the two grooves on the sup edge of the first rib? | A the scalene tubercle for the ANT scalene m. |
| Q apart from the ant scalene m attached to scalene tubercle, what mm. attach to the first rib? | A mid scalene, serr ant., and subclavius |
| Q The first rib does not have an angle. Does the second? | A yeup. |
| Q What does azygos mean? | A unpaired |
| Q What does sternum mean in greek? | A chest |
| Q what does manubrium mean in latin? | A handle |
| Q what does guero mean in spanish? | A white boy |
| Q At what vertebral level is the manubrium found? | A T3-4 |
| Q How many "Sternebrae" (that would be sternal vertebrae) are found in youth? | A 4 |
| Q At what vertebral level is the xiphoid process? | A T10 |
| Q This is an important landmark showing the inf limit of the mediastinum, the sup border of the liver, and the inf border of the heart: | A xiphisternal joint |
| Q What kind of joint is the manubriosternal? | A secondary cart. = symphysis (like the pubic and IVD's) |
| Q What kind of joint is the xiphisternal? | A primary cart. = synchondrosis (that means there was a growth plate) |
| Q What kind of joint is the rib head with the vert body? | A synovial plane type (slide/glide) |
| Q The costoxverse joints are plane type synovial joints, but are different between ribs 1-7, and 8-10. Why is this? | A ribs 1-7 ROTATE on the long axis of the rib neck, like a condyloid joint. Ribs 8-10 GLIDE |
| Q What kind of joint is the costochondral? Hint: it is the same as the xiphisternal joint. | A primary cart. synchondrosis |
| Q Sternochondral joints are all synovial except one. Which is the sore thumb? | A cartilage pairs 2-7 are synovial, but the first pair is synchondrosis. You could think of these joints as where the ribs hit the sternum |
| Q the cartilage of ribs 8-10 attach to the cartilage of sup ribs to connect with the sternum. Is this junction a joint? | A Yes, it is the interchondral joint. 8 and 9 are plane type synovial, and 10 is fibrous. |
| Q What are the boundries of the thoracic inlet? | A T1 vert, first rib/cartilage, and the manubrium. This is the 2x4 space (2x more wide than deep) |
| Q The thoracic wall expands in 3 directions. Which is greatest? Which is the smallest? | A greatest is sup. least is "pump handle motion"....and middle man is the "bucket handle motion" (weird, i know.) |
| Q The thoracic wall moves in 3 directions. In which expansion do the upper ribs (1-8) move more? In which do the lower ribs (8-10) move more? | A upper ribs move more with the pump handle, and lower with the bucket handle........just go ahead and throw this one up. |
| Q How can you feel better about studying all these gross cards? | A Tear this card up.....go ahead.....do it.......oh yeeaaahhh..... |
