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Stack #93494
Micro - prokaryotic cells notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Two kinds of structurally different cells have evolved over time | Prokaryotic cells (bacteria) and all other forms of life are eukaryotic cells |
| Eukaryotic cells are distinguished by having a membrane-enclosed _________ | nucleus |
| The DNA of a prokaryotic cell is coiled into a | nucleoid region (but it has no nuclear membrane around it) |
| A _______membrane surrounds the contents of the prokaryotic cell | plasma membrane |
| Outside the plasma membrane is a rigid chemically complex: prokaryotic | cell wall |
| Some prokaryotes have another layer, this sticky outer coat is called | a capsule |
| The capsule | helps glue prokaryotes to surfaces, such as tissues in the human body |
| Some prokaryotes have short surface projections called | pili (plural=pilus) |
| Pili or pilus help | attach prokaryotes to surfaces |
| Longer projections are called | prokaryotic flagella |
| Prokaryotic flagella do what? | Propel the cell through its liquid environment |
| Bacteria cell walls contain a unique material called | peptidoglycan |
| A polymer of sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides. | Peptidoglycan |
| An important step in identifying prokaryotes | determining cell shape by microscopic examination |
| Three most common cell shapes | Spherical: cocci, Rod: Bacilli; spiral or curved: Spirochetes |
| The greek word for a cluster of grapes | staphyle=staphylococci/streptococci |
| occur in clusters | cocci |
| rod-shaped prokaryotes are called | bacilli |
| curved or spiral shaped prokaryotic cells | spirochetes |
| Disease-causing agents are called | Pathogens |
| Two types of disease-causing toxins | exotoxins and endotoxins |
| toxic proteins secreted by bacterial cells | Exotoxins |
| A single gram of this exotoxin could kill a million people | botulism |
| pathogenic exotoxin-producing strain commonly found in cattle, it has emerged as a threat to public health worldwide | E.coli |
| are not cell secretions, but are components of the cell walls of certain bacteria | Endotoxins |
| Are glycolipids, large molecular complexes of polysaccharides and lipids | Endotoxins |
| Ince the same general symptoms: fever, aches, and sometimes a dangerous drop in blood pressure (shock) | Endotoxins |
| An example of an endotoxin that causes food poisoning and typhoid fever | Salmonella |
| The most effective way to to prevent bacterial diseases | Sanitation |
| Can cure most bacterial diseases, but many pathogenic bacteria have evolved resistence to them | Antibiotics |
| A third defense against bacterial disease is | Education i.e. Lyme disease prevention |
| Three defenses against bacterial diseases | Sanitation, antibiotics, education |
Created by:
tamiboren