| Question |
Answer |
| Micro pg33-41 |
(blank) |
| q. Special stains such as capsule stains are an example of a negative stain which allows capsule to stand out around organism but Endospore stain use heat to facilitate staining and Flogella stain increase diameter of flagella which _______________? |
a. makes the flagella more visible. |
| q.Morhpology of Prokaryotic Cells , Prokaryotes exhibit a variety of shapes most common of which are coccus= |
a. Shperical |
| Bacilus= |
Rod or cylinder shaped |
| Coccobacillus= |
short round rod |
| Vibrio= |
Curved rod |
| Spirillum= |
Spiral shape |
| Spirochete |
Helical shaped |
| Pleomorphic= |
Bacteria able to vary shape. |
| Morphology of Prokaryotic Cells, Divisions along a single plane may result in pairs or chains of cells such as Pairs= |
diplococci |
| Streptococci= |
chains |
| Divisions along two or three perpendicular planes form cubical packets but divisions along several random planes form ? |
Clusters |
| Some bacterial live in groups with other bacterial cells which form multicellular associations, these organisms form a swarm of cells which _____________________ and _____________________________. |
a. Allows for the release of enzymes which degrade organic material and In the absence of water cells for fruiting bodies. |
| Other organisms form biofilms= |
Formation allows for changes in cullular activity. |
| the order from outside in goes glycocalyx, cellwall, cytoplasmic membrane. |
yes it does. |
| What is a delicate thin fluid structure, surrounds cytoplasm of cell, defines boundary, and serves as a semi permeable barrier between cell and wxternal environment? |
Cytoplasmic membrane. |
| Protiens function as receptors and transport gates , provide mechanism to sense surroundings, and are constantly changing position in the cytoplasmic membrane what is this called? |
Fluid mosaic model |
| The membrane is also the site of energy production through a series of embedded proteins.exp are Electron transport chain and ________________________. |
the proteins are used in the formation of proton motive force, Energy produced in proton motive force is sued to drive other transport mechanisms. |
| Facilitated diffusion , Active transport, and Group translocation utilize transporter proteins such as____________________ or _______________________. |
permeases or carriers. most proteins are produced in response to need. |
| Movement of glycerol into the cell is an example of facilitated diffusion which requires no energy but remember the system can only eliminate a gradient it can not___________________ |
creat one |
| In facilitated diffusion the protein allows molecules or ions to enter or leave the cell moving _______________ the concentration gradient. |
Down |
| Active transport moves compounds _______________a concentration gradient |
against |
| What are the two primary mechanisms of active transport? |
a. Proton motive force and ATP Bindinc Cassette System. |
| Efflux pumps used in antimicrobial resistance are an example of ______________________ |
Proton motive force |
| Proton motive force transporters allow protons into cell either____________________ or ______________________. |
a. bringing in or expeling other substances |
| Maltose transport is an example of what? |
a. ATP Binding Cassett system |
| What used binding proteins to scavenge and deliver molecules to transport complex? |
a. ABC transport( ATP binding cassett system) |
| q. What mechanism chemically alters molecules during passage? |
a. Group transport. |
| q. does the uptake of molecules alter concentration gradient in a Phosphotransferase system? |
a. No Group transport does not alter the gradient. |
| q. Phosphorolation changes molecule and therefore does not change sugar balance across the membrane in which group transport? |
a. Phosphotransferase system. |
| q. What determins the shape of the bacteria? |
a. cell wall |
| q. what does the unique chemical structure of the cell wall distinguish? |
a. Gram positive from Gram negative. |
| q. What is the rigidity of the cell wall due to ? |
a. peptidoglycan (PTG) which is a compound found only in bacteria. |
| q. Altering series of two subunits N-acetylglucosamin(NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) are the basic structure of what? |
peptidoglycan |
| q. joined subunits form ? |
a. glycan chain |
| q. WHat is a glycan chain held together by string of four amino acids called? |
a. Tetrapeptide chain |
| Our bodies identify peptidoglycan as a foreign substance and develops what? |
antegens to it. |
| The interior of a bacteria is ______________. |
negatively charged. |
| How many layers of PTG does a Gram positive cell wall have? |
a. as many as 30 layers. |
| q. What does the Teichoic acid component of PTG do? |
a. it gives the cell a negative charge. |
| q. how many layers of PTG does the Gram negative cell wall have ? |
a. about three. |
| q. what are the PTG sandwiched between? |
a. outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane |
| q. What is the region between outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane called? |
a. periplasm |
| q. where are most secreted proteins and proteins of the ABC transport system located ? |
a. Periplasm |
| q.Outer Membrane is composed of what? |
a. a lipid bilayer made of Lipopolysaccharides, |
| q. What are other names for the outer membrane? |
a. LPS layer or lipopolysaccharide layer. |
| q. What serves as a barrier to a large number of molecules? |
a. LPS |
| q. Small molecules or ions pass through channels called ? |
a. porins |
| q. Which portions of the LPS are medically significant? |
a. O-specific polysaccharide side chain and Lipid A |
| q. What way is O-specific polysaccharide side chain directed? |
a. away from membrane, opposite location of Lipid A. |
| q. What is O-specific polysaccharide side chain used to identify? |
a. certain species or strains. |
| q. What portion anchors LPS molecule in lipid bilayer? |
a. Lipid A |
| q. what plays a role in recognition of infection such as a Gram negative ingection of the blood stream? |
a. Lipid A |
Ch.18 LTI-MA 509
