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Biology 11
Bacteria
Question | Answer |
---|---|
DNA | The genetic material of the bacterium, located in the cytoplasm - For all functions |
Capsule | Helps to cling to surfaces; protection |
Plasma membrane | Energy generation and transport of chemicals |
Cell wall | Gives structure, protects cell from environment |
Pili | Aid in attachment to surfaces and other cells |
Flagellum | Long and thin fibers, tiny propellers, for mobilty |
Ribosomes | Sites of protein synthesis scattered in cytoplasm |
Cytoplasm | Attracts water (hypertonic) - interior |
Cocci | spherical cells |
Bacilli | rod-shaped cells |
spirilli | Spiral shaped cells |
strepto | chained |
staphylo | cluster |
diplo | paired |
Gram stain | seperates bacteria into 2 groups |
Gram positive | absorbs gram stain, thick cell wall, many layers of peptidoglycan |
Gram negative | does not absorb gram stain, thin cell wall, few layers of peptidoglycan |
Bacterial colony | group of bacteria which have formed from a single bacterial cell; visible to the naked eye |
Autotroph | organism that can manufacture its own energy from inorganic (non-living) substances. |
Cyanobacteria | photosynthetic bacteria (have chlorophyll and phycobilins (both pigments) for photosynthesis. |
Chemosynthetic bacteria | make food from inorganic chemicals (ex. carbon dioxide) |
Heterotroph | must consume organic (living) substances to generate energy. Secrete enzymes to break down molecules, smaller molecules can then be absorbed |
Saprobes | feed on dead plants and animals. Decomposers, benefit hosts |
Parasites | use host for food, harmful to host |
Obligate aerobe | must have oxygen to survive |
Obligate anaerobe | cannot survive WITH oxygen |
Facultative anaerobe | can live with or without oxygen |
Narrow spectrum antiobiotic | treat very specific bacterial infections |
Broad spectrum antibiotic | treat a very large number of bacterial infections |
Bactericidal | antibiotics that KILL bacteria |
Bacteriostatic | antibiotics that prevent growth of bacteria |