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Chapter 28-29
Glencoe Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Phylum Arthropoda | “jointed legs" |
| Jointed Appendages | Any structure (leg/antenna) that grows out of animal body; Advantages: allow flexibility and variety of functions/movements |
| Exoskeleton Advantages | Hard thick outer covering made of protein & chitin; protects and support internal organs |
| Exoskeleton DisAdvantages | Relatively heavy=small size; to grow arthropod must molt |
| Molt | Shed and replace exoskeleton |
| Phylum Arthropoda Characteristics | Jointed Appendages; Exoskeleton; Divided bodies (2-3); Efficient gas exchange; Acute senses; Complex Body Systems |
| 3 body regions | head; thorax; abdomen |
| Cephalothorax | head fused with thorax so 2 body sections |
| Gills | feathery structures used by aquatic arthropods; in crustaceans |
| Tracheal Tubes | branging networks of hollow tubes carrying air thru body; most insects |
| Book Lungs | air filled chambers; found in spiders |
| Antennae | stalk-like structures that detect changes in environment, movements, sounds |
| Simple Eyes | made of 1 lens to detect light |
| Compound Eyes | multiple lens that detect movement and color |
| Nervous System | ventral nerve cord, antieror brain and ganglia |
| Malpighiam tubules | excretory organs that collect waste in abdomam and empty into intestine |
| Class Arachnida | Examples: spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks |
| Spider Characteristics | 2 bodyregions; 4 pairs of walking legs; chelicerae; spinnerets |
| Chelicerae | modified pincers/fangs for holding food or injecting venom |
| Spinnerets | spin silk made by silk glands into webs |
| Class Crustacea | crabs, lobsters, shrimp, crayfish, barnacles, sow bugs |
| Crustacea - Characteristics | 2 pairs of antenne; mandibles for crushing food |
| Class Chilopida | Centipedes |
| Chilopida - Characteristics | 1 pair of legs per body section; carnivours; flat |
| Class Diplopoda | Millipedes |
| Diplopoda - Characteristics | 2 pairs of legs per body section; scavengers; round |
| Class Merostomata | Horseshoe crabs |
| Merostomata - Characteristics | living fossils - unchanged for 500 mil. years |
| Class Insecta | Largest/most diverse; flies, grasshoppers, butterflies |
| Metamophosis | change in body shape and form in development |
| Complete Metamophosis | 4 stages (egg, larva, pupa, adult) EX: buterfly fly ants beetles |
| Larva | wormlike stage; eats-grows-molts |
| Pupa | resting stage (cocoon) |
| InComplete Metamophosis | 3 stages (egg, nyph, adult) EX: grasshoppers & cockroaches |
| nyph | miniature adult but lacks wings and mature sex organs |
| Phylum Echinodermata | spiny skined |
| Phylum Echinodermata - Characteristics | Endoskeleton; Adults = radial symmetry; Larve = bilartrial symmetry; Water cascular system |
| Endoskeleton | hard bumby inner skeleton covered by thin epidermis; pedicellariae |
| pedicellariae | pincerlike appendages on spines of sea stars & sea urchins; protect and clean |
| Water Vascular System | enables echinoderms to move exchange gases capture food and excrete wastes; hydraulic system that operates under H2O pressure |
| Sea Stars | usally 5 rays; if rays are lost - replaced by regeneration |
| Brittle Stars | fragile skinny rays |
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