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PHYS4
Metabolism and Energy Balance I
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the absorptive state? | Nutrients enter blood from GI tract |
| Where is energy coming from to help in this process? | Glucose (via carbs) |
| What is the absorptive state doing? | Store fuel as energy to maintain blood glucose |
| what is this fuel being stored as? | Glycogen, triaglycerol, and protein |
| What does the post-absorptive state do? | Tap into stored energy to maintain fuel supply |
| SO. I've eaten my carb full meal. Talk to me about energy and stuch. | carbs broken into glucose, which is stored as fat (triglycerides) and glycogen |
| Where do absorbed carbs get converted to glycogen? | Liver and skeletal muscle |
| Where does the a small amount of the gludose go? | Stored as ATP, CO2+Water |
| Where does the other half of the glycogen get stored as? | In adipocytes as fatty acids combine to form triaglycerides |
| How does the liver secrete the stroed triglycerides? | in VLDL |
| What is the molecule that is OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY? | Monoglycerides |
| Where do MOST OF our fatty acids go? | Rebuilt into adipose tissue |
| What happens to AMINO ACIDS? | Converted to proteins, but most become CHO and fat |
| What does the liver do? | Forms urea |
| What are ketoacids? | Carb like intermieidate that go through the krebs cycle to create energy |
| Does the liver take up more glucose or deoes it secrete more glucose? | Liver has a net update of glucose |
| The post-absorptive state serves to benifit what? | The CNS, because it will ONLY take GLUOSE to function |
| How is blood glucose maintained? | combo of glucose production by the liver and alternating between fatty acid and ketone utilization by most tissues |
| The liver forms glucose by what two methods? | 1. Glycogenolysis of its own glycogen and gluconeogensesis |
| What is the max amount of glucose storedi in liver? | 4 hours worth |
| GLUCONEOGENSIS involves what three processes and where do they come from? | 1) Lactate and pyruvate from muscles 2) glycerol (from adipose tissue) and 3) amino acids from protein catabolism of skeletal muscle |
| When we're glucose sparing, most fo teh body's energy supply comes from???? | Fatty acids from adipose tissues via krebs cycle 2) Ketons from fatty acids by liver |
| Which do we do at rest? | The using energy from fat |
| What is the brain doing in the case of glucose sparing? | Uses ketones built up in blood |
| ENDOCRINE AND NEURAL CONTROL OF TEH ABSORPTIVE AND POST ABSORPTIVE STATE | ENDOCRINE AND NEURAL CONTROL |
| Where do secretions of the pancreas occur? | Islets of Langerhans |
| Where does insulin get released from? | Beta Cells |
| where does glucago get released from? | Alpha cells |
| why is INSULIN important? | controls metabolism |
| What does insulin do in MUSCLE? | Stimulates GLUCOSE and A A update and synthesis of glycogen and protein |
| In adipose tissue? | Insulin stimulates glucose update and synthesiss of triglycerides |
| In liver? | There's enough glucose, so it INHIBITS gluconeogensis and glucose release and stimulates synthesis of glyucogen and triglycerides |
| This synthesis of triglycerols is doing what? | BUILDING UP FAT!! |
| What happens if there sia DECREASE in plasma insulin concentration? | We break down proteins in muscle, glycogen breakdown, fat breakdown, glucose breakdown, fatty acid breakdown, gluconeogensis and liver releases glucose |
| So, what happens in diabedies type I (Childhood diabetes?) | Kids can't get insulin, so amino acids (via protein breakdown) are used as glucose |
| CONTROL OF INSULIN SECRETEION | CONTROL OF INSULIN SECRETION |
| The major stimulus for insluiln secretion is???? | Increase plasma glucose concentration |
| What does sympathetic activity stimulation lead to in regards to epinephrine release and glucose uptake? | Sympathetic stimulation releases epinephrine, which inhibits glucose uptake. |
| What does parasympathteic activity do? | Increases glucose uptake |
| When would parasympathetic stimulation occur regarding meals? Post or pre-absorptive? | When we're eating the meal--POst absorptive state |
| Where is the primary location in the intestine where most absorption of both water and nutrients occurs? | Small intestine |
| What does sympathetic stimulation come via? | Via islaet of langerhans |
| What does insulin do? | They are glucose transporter proteins that cause more glucose uptake by cell |
| What does glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, and growth hormone do to the plasma concentrations of glucose, glycerol, and fatty acids? | they RAISE them (because they're breaking stuff down) |
| Which physiological function meets this requirement? | Excercise |
| Where does glucagon mainly act? | Liver |
| Glucagon stimulates: | Glycogenolysis, gluconeogensis, and ketone syntesis |
| What is the major stimulus for glucagon secretion? | Hypoglycemia; fall in blood glucose level |
| What are two other stimuli? | Amino acids and sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation |
| How does epinephrine's response to hypoglycemia differ from insluin's effects? | opposite |
| So what does it do? | glycogenlolysis, gluconeogensis, and lipolysis |
| What happens to cortisol release with increased stress? | Increased coritosl release |
| What does the cortisol do then? | breaks down stuff (catabolic) |
| What does cortisol house permissive effects upon? | Gluconeogensis and lipolysis. |
| If you have high cortisol, what happens? | Stimulate gluconeogensis and blocks glucose uptake |
| What hormone has similar effects of cortisol? | Growth Hormone |
Created by:
talkglitter2486