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History 12

Middle East

Glossary TermDefinition
War of Independence 1948 First in a series of armed conflicts fought between Israel and its Arab neighbors in the ongoing Arab-Israeli conflict. When Israel declared itself a nation in 1948 all the surrounding Arab nations declared war. Israel won.
Suez Crisis 1956 Britain and France try to regain control of the Suez Canal from Eygpt by encouraging Israel to attack. They then move in on the pretext of protecting the canal. UN peace keepers are used for the first time to end the conflict.
Six Day War 1967 Israel surpirse attacked the Arab countries of Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. In only six days, Israel defeated all four countries and greatly increased their land. Arabs fled from their homeland that had been taken over by Isreal.
Yom Kippur War 1973 Egypt attacked Isael on the Jewish Holidy of Yom Kippur. Egypt almost won but the US stepped in, and helped Isael. After this Egypt knew thay were not going to beat them in a war and Anwar Sadat begins working toward a peace settlement.
Anwar Sadat An Egyptian politician. Negotiated peace after the Yom Kippur War. Won the Nobel Peace Prize and was eventually assassinated.
Camp David Accords 1978 Two Agreements: framework for peace in the middle east, and framework for the conclusion of a peace treaty between Egypt and Isreal. Signed by Egyptian president Anwar Sadat, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and US President Jimmy Carter.
Iran - Iraq War After Iran got a new religous government, Iraq thought it was a good time to attack them for their oil. The U.S became allies with Iraq, so they helped Iraq by training troops, and providing them with arms. It ended up bankrupting both countries.
Invasion of Kuwait Resulted in the 7 month long Iraqi occupation of Kuwait. It leads to direct military intervention by United States and UN forces in the First Gulf War.
First Gulf War Caused as a result of the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq. US and UN forces liberate Kuwait but do not depose Saddam Hussein.
Balfour Declaration The Balfour Declaration was a promise by the British, to create a home land for the Jews in Palestine in exchange for Jewish support during World War One. The problem was they had also promised the land to the Arabs.
Yasir Arafat Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization and president of the Palestinian National Authority. In 1994 he received the Nobel Peace prize for negotiations of the 1993 Oslo Peace Accord.
PLO A terrorist group known for their acts at the Munich Olyimpics where they killed Jewish athletes. Their goal was to create the country of Palestine.
Saddam Hussein President of Iraq from July 16, 1979, until April 9, 2003. Was backed by US in Ian-Iraq war, was invaded by UN forces in the first Gulf War, 1991, again invaded and deposed in the second Gulf War in 2003. Was executed on December 30, 2006.
Mandates Another name for colonies. Several were established in 1919 by League of Nations. Included Iraq, Syria, Palestine. Created from the empires destroyed during World War One.
David Ben-Gurion First Prime Minister of Israel. Lead Israel to victory in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
Peace Keepers Put in place by Lester Pearson. First used in a sucessful mission in the Suez Canal crisis 1956. There were part of the UN, and have been used for many missions since.
Created by: alfromcanada
 

 



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