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A.P. U.S. History
Chapter 7 Politics and Society in the New Republic
| Glossary Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| xyz affair | An attempt on the part of the French government to demand a large bribe and a loan from the American government in return for a treaty and an end to the French seizure of ships carrying British goods. It caused an anti-French backlash in the United States |
| Report on Public Credit | Hamilton’s plan to fund the sizeable public debt at the full value, which inspired a public resentment because wealthy speculators had purchased the debts from the original holders. |
| Report on Manufactures | Hamilton’s proposal for improving the American economy by strengthening American manufacturing to reduce British dependence, but it was not approved by congress. |
| Napoleonic Wars | Two decades of war between France and England, which initially left the United States as the sole neutral shipper in the Atlantic trade. |
| Bank of the United States | Hamilton’s proposal to strengthen the American economy by serving as a repository for the federal government revenues. Jefferson believed this unconstitutional, but it was ratified anyways. |
| Lancaster Turnpike | The first private toll road in the United States, finished in 1794. |
| Little Turtle | Miami Tribe chief, famous for saying the alcohol provided to Indians under the Treaty of Greenville killed more Indians that the war did. |
| Assumption Plan | Hamilton’s plan to consolidate states’ debts and pay for it with necessary taxation |
| Public Virtue | The masculine quality of intelligent and selfless decisions purported to be the woman’s work to instill in the men and children in her family. |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | Passed to suppress criticism of the government by easing the process of accusing treason and illegal immigration. |
| Bill of Rights | First 10 commandments passed by congress in 1789; were ratified in 1791 and helped to give anti-federalists a sense of national unity. |
| New Jersey Constitution | All free inhabitants worth over 50$ could vote, including free blacks and unmarried women. |
| Neutrality Proclamation | Washington’s 1793 declaration of non-favoritism, which was undermined by American trade with the French West Indies, and left American ships open to British harassment. |
| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | Responses condemning the Alien and Sedition Acts, drafted by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison and proposed to the states, setting the precedent for judicial review |
| Quasi War | The result of the XYZ affair. Adams launched 20 warships to the Caribbean in 1798, until peace was declared in 1799. |
| Haitian Revolution | A slave revolt in 1791, which caused for worry in the slave-owning south. |
| Whiskey Rebellion | A grain farmer revolt in 1791 caused by the 25% excise tax on whiskey grain, which dispersed just prior to troops led by Washington in full army regalia that were sent to squelch the rioters. |
| Eli Whitney | The inventor of the cotton gin, which increased green seed cotton production and simultaneously increased slavery. |
| Judith Sargent Murray | Feminist who argued for more women’s education. |
| Thomas Pickney | John Adam’s running mate in 1796, but was trounced when Jefferson became vice-president instead. |
| General Anthony Wayne | Forced the concession of most of the Ohio Valley with the Treaty of Greenville, following his victory at the Battle of Falling Timbers in 1794. |
| General Arthur St. Clair | Led two thousand troops to clear Native Americans out of the Ohio Valley, losing 55% of his troops in a humiliating defeat. |
| Alexander Hamilton | Was Washington’s choice for secretary of Treasury. Was known for his financial brilliance. |
| Banknotes | Fueled the economy by providing a cheap currency, though typically two or three times as many banknotes were in circulation that there was gold or silver in the bank. |
| Green-seed cotton | A strain of cotton that was difficult to procure until the invention of the cotton gin, in 1793, which led to it’s widespread production. |
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