| Suffix |
English |
Examples |
| -ant |
present active participle |
fali = to fall, falanta = falling |
| -int |
past active participle |
fali = to fall, falinta = fallen |
| -ont |
future active participle |
fali = to fall, falonta = going to fall |
| -at |
present passive participle |
mangxi = to eat, mangxata = being eaten |
| -it |
past passive participle |
mangxi = to eat, mangxita = (have been) eaten |
| -ot |
future passive participle |
mangxi = to eat, mangxota = going to be eaten |
| -ate |
while being |
mangxi = to eat, mangxate = while being eaten |
| -ati |
to be in a state of being |
mangxi = to eat, mangxati = to be in a state of being eaten |
| -ato |
a person who is being |
mangxi = to eat, mangxato = a person who is being eaten |
| -ad |
shows an action or process defined by the root (continual / ongoing) |
marteli = to hammer, martelado = hammering; boji = to bark (like a dog), bojado = barking |
| -ajx |
shows a concrete, tangible manifestation of the root |
ricxa = rich, ricxajxoj = riches; havi = to have, havajxoj = possessions |
| -ec |
shows a quality of characteristic definded by the root |
ricxa = rich, ricxeco = richness; blua = blue, blueco = blueness (of something) |
| -ul |
shows a person characterized by the root |
ricxa = rich, ricxulo = a rich person; bona = good, bonulo = a good person |
| -an |
member, adherent, participant of the root |
komitato = comittee, komitatano = comittee member; Budho = the Buddha, budhano = a Buddhist |
| -ar |
a collection of things defined by the root |
arbo = tree, arbaro = forest; sxafo = sheep (singular), sxafaro = a flock of sheep |
| -ej |
a place intended for the thing(s) or action(s) defined by the root |
kuiri = to cook, kuirejo = a kitchen; pregxi = to pray, pregxejo = a church |
| -er |
the smallest part or element of a collective defined by the root |
sablo = sand, sablero = a gain of sand; negxo = snow, negxo = a snowflake |
| -estr |
boss of whatever is defined by the root |
komitato = committee, komitatestro = chairman of the committee; urbo = town, urbestro = mayor |
| -id |
the offspring of the creature defined in the root |
kato = cat, katido = a kitten; arbo = tree, arbido = a sapling |
| -il |
a tool for doing whatever is defined by the root |
komputi = to compute, komputilo = a computer; trancxi = to cut, trancxilo = a knife |
| -in |
the specifically female version of whatever is defined by the root |
filo = son, filino = daughter; viro = man, virino = woman |
| -ing |
a holder for the object defined by the root |
knadelo = candle, kandelingo = candle-holder; cigaro = cigar, cigatingo = cigar-holder |
| -ism |
a doctrine, movment, system, etc., for the idea defined by the root |
Budho = Buddha, budhismo = Buddhism; Markso = Karl Marx, markismo = Marksism |
| -ist |
an individual proffessionally or avocationally occupied with the idea or activity defined by the root |
jxurnalo = newspaper, jxurnalisto = newspaperman / reporter; lingvo = language, lingvisto = a linguist |
| -uj |
a container for objects described by the root |
salo = salt, salujo = salt-shaker; mono = money, monujo = purse |
| -i |
To form the name of: 1.counry from a capitol or river of the same name 2. country from it's inhabitants 3. science, etc., from it's practioner 4. flower from it's inventor, etc. |
Algxero and Algxerio; astronomo and astronomio; fuksio = fuchsia and fukso = Fuchs |
| -ik |
form the name of a science, etc. from its practitioner |
poeto = poet, poetiko = poetics; lingvo = language, lingviko = linguistics |
| -it |
describe an inflamation of the organ described by the root |
laringo = larynx, laringito = laryngitis; hepato = liver, heratito = hepatitis |
| -ebl |
having whatever id described by the root done to it |
legi = to read, legeble = readable, legible; fari = to do, farebla = doable |
| -em |
having an inclination or tendency towards whatever is described by the root |
ami = to love, amema = loving; labori = to work, laborema = industrious |
| -end |
must have whatever described by the root done to it |
fari = to do, farenda = must be done; sendi = to send, sendenda = must be sent |
| -ind |
worth having whatever is described by the root done to it |
ami = to love, aminda = loveable; fari = to do, farinda = worth doing |
| -al |
used to create the adjective form of a noun formed directly from an adjective |
varma = hot, varmo = heat, varmala = thermal |
| -esk |
similar to, or in the manner of, whatever is described by the root |
japano = Japanese, japaneska = Japanesque; statuo = statue, statueska = statuesque |
| -iv |
capable of doing whatever is described by the root |
pagi = to pay, pagiva = solvent; fari = to do, fariva = able to do |
| -oid |
with the form of whatever is described by the root |
homo = human being, homoida = humanoid; urso = bear, ursoida = ursoid |
| -oz |
used with noun roots to show the presence of a large quantity |
poro = pore, poroza = porous; sablo = sand, sabloza = full of sand |
| -ig |
to cause something to be in the state described by the root |
rugxa = red, rugxigi = to (cause to) turn red; fari = to do, farigi = to have (something) done |
| -igx |
to become in the state described by the root |
rugxa = red, rugxigxi = to become red; fari = to do (something), farigxi = to become (done) |
| -iz |
to apply something ( physically or metaphorically) to an object |
plumo = feather, plumizi = to fletch; stano = tin, stanizi = to tin (as in soldering) |
| -art |
the art of whatever is described by the root |
kuiri = to cook, kuirarto = cuisine; navigi = to navigate, navigarto = navigation (the art of) |
| -am |
loving whatever is described by the root |
gasto = guest, gastama = hospitable; mono = money, monama = avaricious |
| -hav |
possessing what is described by the root |
flugilo = wing, flugilhava = winged; oro = gold, orhava = possessing gold |
| -plen |
full of what is described by the root |
oro = gold, orplena = full of gold; humila = humble, humilplena = full of humility |
| -pov |
capable of what is described by the root |
esprimi = to express, esprimpova = expressive; pagi = to pay, pagipova = solvent |
| -ricx |
rich with what is described by the root |
karbo = coal, karbicxa = rich in coal; grasa = fat, grasicxa = fatty |
| -sxajn |
seeming to be whatever is described by the root |
vera = true, versxajne = apparently; blua = blue, blusxajna = blue-seeming |
| -aspekt |
having the appearance of whatever is described by the root |
regxo = king, kegxaspekta = kingly; hundo = dog, hundaspekta = looking like a dog |
| -simil |
being sililar to what is described by the root |
floro = flower, florsimila = like a flower; sxtono = stone, sxtonsimila = like a stone |
| -manier |
with the manner of whatever is described by the root |
besto = animal, bestmaniera = with the manner of an animal; hundo = dog, hundmaniera = dog-like |
| -acx |
gives the word a shading of contempt, detesation |
cxvalo = horse, cxevalacxo = nag; domo = house, domacxo = hovel |
| -eg |
augments or strengthens the idea shown in the root |
domo = house, domego = mansion; varma = hot, varmega = boiling hot |
| -et |
diminishes the idea shown in the root |
domo = house, dometo = cottage; varma = hot, varmeta = warm |
| -um |
no definite meaning |
vento = wind, ventumi = to ventilate; aminda = lovable, amindumi = to pitch woo |
| -if |
to turn something into the root |
varma = hot, varmifi = to thermalize |
| -cxj |
takes a man's name and turns it into an intimate form |
frato = brother, fracxjo = little brother; Johano = John, Jocxjo = Jack |
| -nj |
takes a woman's name and turns it into an intimate form |
frato = brother, franjo = little sister; Johana = Joan, Jonjo = Joanie |
Poultry
