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PHYS3
Kidneys: Structure and Function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does each nephron in the kidney consist of? | Renal corpuscle, tubule |
| What is the purpose of the renal corpuscle? | Filters |
| What is the renal corpuscle consist of? | Glomerulus, and bowman's capsule |
| What does the tubule segment into? | Proximal tubule, loop of henle, and distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct |
| What is the function of the proximal tubule? | Processes organic, inorganic, and water |
| What does the loop of henle do? | Concentrates urine |
| What is the purpose of the collecting duct system? (2 things) | Fine tunes urine and is a site for hormones |
| What do the collecting ducts do? | Urine flows from the tubules to get into renal pelvis-->ureter-->bladder |
| What supplies the glomerulus? | Afferent arteriole |
| What does the efferent arteriole do? | Leaves glomerulus to divide into peritubular caps |
| What do the peritubular caps do? | Supply the tubule |
| What are the three main renal processes? | Glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, and tubular reabsorption |
| Equation for excretion: | (filtered + Secreted) - Reabsorbed |
| URINE FORMATION | URINE FORMATION |
| What initiates the process of urine formation? | Glomerular filtration |
| What is the average amount of filtratrate and what is the filtrate? | 180L/DAY; protein free plasma |
| Where does the filtrate then go? | Bowman's capsule |
| What is the concentration difference of the all the filtrate; meaning, what is retained more/less? | All equal |
| What drives glomelular filtration? | Hydrostatic pressure in glomelular caps |
| What opposes glomelular filtration? | Hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's cap and osmotic force b/c of proteins |
| TUBULAR REABSORPTION | REAPSORPTION |
| Where does the reabsorped stuff go? | Peritubular cappilaries |
| How does reabsorption occur? | Active of diffusion |
| What is the water sodium, glucose and urea filtered by day? | 180; 630; 180; 54 |
| What si the Water, sodium, glucose, and urea excreted per day? | 1.8; 3.2; 0; 30 |
| TRANSPORT MECHANISMS | TRANSPORT MECHANISMS |
| ACTIVE | ACTIVE |
| What is the transport maximum? | When the filtered load of the thing is above the maximum, excrete rest of stuff in urine |
| give an example of somthing that manifests this phenomena? | Glucose |
| DIFFUSION | DIFFUSION |
| Where does teh diffusion gradient arise? | Water reqbsorption createstubule interstitium |
| What diffuses? | Urea |
| TUBULAR SECRETION | TUBULAR SECRETION |
| What is it? | Moving stuff from Pertube caps to tubules. |
| What are the two methods for a substance to gain entry into the tubule? | Glomerular filtration and tubular secretion |
| What are teh most important tube secretions? | K+ and H+ |
| CLEARANCE | CLEARANCE |
| What is it? | Volume of plasma from whicha sustance is cleared by kidney |
| Clearance equation? | S = mass of s excreted / plasma concentration of s |
| GFR | Glomelular filtration rate |
| How is GFR measured? | mean insulin cleared |
| How is it estimated? | mean of creatinine clearance |
| MICTURITION | EJECTION OF URINE FROM TEH BLADDER |
| How does urination work? First step | stretch of bladder activates receptors |
| Step two: | contract detrusor msucle parasympathetically |
| Step THREE:I | Inhibit motor neurons to external urethra |
| What is inhibited during filling? | Detruser |
| What is inhibited during urination? | external and internal urethra |
| What mechanism is used, active or passive, to gain water vs. sodium and potasium? | Water: passive; sodium and potasium; active |
Created by:
talkglitter2486