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PHYS3
Respiratory System: Control of Respiration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| NEURAL GENERATION OF RHYTHMIC BREATHING | BREATHING |
| Breathing depends on -------- --------- muscle excitation by the nerves to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles | Cyclical inspiratory |
| Do we control respiratory system? | Yes |
| Where in the brainstem is breathing controlled? | Meddulla |
| What kind of neurons do the cyclical inspiration? | Medullary neurons |
| What cuts off inspiration? | Pulmonary streth receptors |
| PULMONARY STRETCH RECEPTORS | STRETCH RECEPTORS |
| What kind of muscle are they? | Smooth muscle |
| What are they activated by? | Lung inflation |
| Are they afferent or efferent neurons? What is their official name? | Afferent neurons called "Hering-Breuer inflation reflex" |
| What is the hering breuer reflex? | Get signal from airway-->brainstem-->expire for a long time |
| Does it have a short or high threshold? | High treshhold |
| CONTROL OF VENTIALLATION | CONTROL OF VENTILLATION |
| What can control minute ventilation? | Peripheral chemoreceptors and central chemoreceptors |
| Where are peripheral chemoreceptors located? | In carotid and aortic bodies |
| What are they sensitive to? | They are sensitive to changes in arterial PO2, H, and PCO2 |
| Which is most important? | P CO2 |
| At a high altitude, how do we breathe? What does it do to our molecular levels? | We breath deeper and faster to increase oxygen |
| What do we do with high levels of H and C? | GET RID OF THEM |
| CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTORS | CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTORS |
| Where are they? | Medulla |
| What do they respond to? | changes in H in brain ECF |
| How fast of a response? | Pretty fast |
| What does an increase in H indicate? | Increase in C |
| CONTROL BY PO | PO CONTROL |
| Is it very important? | No, C is more important to control by |
| Which chemoreceptors control by O? | Peripheral chemoreceptors |
| What is the controlled based on? | Decrease in arterial O |
| How large does the decrease have to be? | Very large |
| So what happens when your inspired, alveolar, and arterial O go down? | Increase firing of peripheral chemoreceptors, to increase ventilation muscle contraction, to increase O |
| CONTROL BY C | CONTROL BY C |
| What chemoreceptors control it? | Both peripheral and central |
| What is the trigger? | When C increases just a TAD bit |
| What actually is the stimulus? | When hydrogen ion concetration in arterial blood and brain ECF increases |
| CONTROL BY [H+] | CONTROL BY [H+] |
| When is ventillation increased? | Increase of arterial [h+] |
| What happens to minute ventiallation as plasma hydrogen increases? | Increase ventillation |
| So how do we get [H+] back to normal? | Lower P CO2 |
| What does the high acidity in excercise make us do? | Makes us breath |
| What does the metabolic alkalosis make us do? | Shallow breathing, |
| INHIBITION OF VENTILATION | INHIBITION OF VENTILATION |
| What 3 things can inhibit ventilation? | Increase arterial PO, decrease arterial PCO, and decrease [H+] |
| VENTILATION DURING EXCERCISE | STRENOUS EXCERCISE |
| What happens to [H+] concentration during strenous excercise when O2 is being consumed? | It increases |
| What about CO2? | It decreases; you're hyperventilating |
| PO2? | Remains constant |
| What kind of a change in ventilation does receptors in joints and muscles yield? | Small increase in ventilation |
| Increased body temp? | Fever-->increased metabolism |
| What happens to ventilation wrt metabolism during strenous excercise? | Ventillation increases more than metablism |
| Which increases/decreases more? Rest-->excercise or excercise-->recovery? | Excercise-->recovery is a higher drop |
| HYPOXIA | HYPOXIA |
| What is hypoxia? | Lack of oxygen in tissue |
| What are the four categories of hypoxia? | Anemic, ischemic, hypoxic, and histotoxic |
| Hypoxic due to? What about anemic? Ishemic, histotoxic? | altitude; blood loss; slow blod travel; can't take up |
| What happens to PO as altitude increases? | PO2 Decreases |
| How can O2 supply be maintained with acclimitazation? | 1. peripheral chemoreceptors lead to ventillation and urination (loss of sodium), make RBC, make DPG, Increase cappillary density, mitochondria |
Created by:
talkglitter2486