Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PHYS2
Immunology II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| T-CELLS | T-CELLS |
| Where are they produced? Where do they mature? | Bone marrow, matture in thymus |
| Where do the mature cells live? | In peripheral lymphoid organs |
| T-CELL RECEPTORS | T-CELL RECEPTORS |
| How do the t-cell receptors differ from the b-cell ones? | They are not immunoglobulins and their antigen binidng site differs from one T-cell to another |
| How many kinds of antigen binding receptors do they express? | One kind |
| MHC | MHC |
| What is MHC? | Cell surface proteins that allow immune system to recognize 'self' and are necessary for presting antigen |
| What are the two classes of mHC? | Class one and two |
| What comprises class one? What are they used for? | All nucleated cells of the body; they are used for cytotoxic t-cell recognition |
| Where are class II MHC found? | Only on macrophages, b-cells and are used for helper T-cell recognition |
| ACTIVATION OF HELPER T-CELLS | HELPER T-CELLS |
| Where do helper t-cells bind? When? | Bind to presented antigen when presented with Class II MHC proteins |
| Who are they co-stimulated by? | Through non-specifc interactions of opsonins as well |
| What does this lead to? | Secretion of activating factors by presenting cell |
| What are some activating factors? | cytokines |
| Why are they important? | Fora ctivating b-cells and cytotoxic t-cells |
| CYTOTOXIC T-CELLS | CYTOTOXIC T-CELLS |
| Where do cytoxic t-cells bind? | bind to presented antigen when presented with Class I MHC proteins |
| What do they lead to the activation of? | Helper t-cells by binding to antigen presenting cells |
| What do they respond to? | Respond to factors released by helpter T-cells |
| T-LYMPHOCYTES | T-CELLS |
| What are the effects of activating cytotoxic t-cells? | increase number of t-cells, t-cell secretes perforin, and memory cells are formed |
| What does the perforin do? | Inserts holes in target cell's membrane to kill it |
| SUMMARY SUMMARY SUMMARY | SUMMARY SUMMARY SUMMARY SUMMARY |
| B-CELLS | B-CELLS |
| What do they do upon activation? | Differentiation into plasma cells |
| What do those plasma cells do? | Secrete antibodies |
| What kind of responses do they have? | Antibody mediated responses |
| What do they defend against? | Bacteria, toxins, and viruses |
| What does it mean for them to be partially activated? | Do not require antigen presentation for activation |
| HELPER T-CELLS | HELPER T-CELLS |
| What do they do upon activation? | Help activate b-cells and cytotoxic t-cells via chemical messengers they secrete |
| What do they need to be activated? | They need antigen presentation by MHC class II molecules |
| What kind of response do they have? | Receptor mediated responses |
| What do they indirectly defend against? | bacteria, viruses, cancers, and toxins |
| what does it mean for them to indirectly defend against stuff? | They don't do stuff to bacteria, just finish activation of b and cytotoxic t-cells |
| CYTOTOXIC T-CELLS | CYTOTOXIC T-CELLS |
| What do they do upon activation? | They can divide to make clones of identical specificity |
| What do they need in presentation? | They need MHC Class I molecules |
| What are MHC class one molecules? | Present in all cells in body |
| What kind of response do they have? | receptor mediated response, where specific cell binds to an antigen |
| What do they defend against? How? | Viruses and cancers by directing killling cells |
| NATURAL KILLER CELLS | NATURAL KILLER CELLS |
| What part of immune system are they a part of? Specific or non-specific | Non-specific immune system |
| What does it mean to not be specific? | Not be antigen specific |
| What do they require for activation? | They don't need MHC or antigen presentation, but they do need helper t-cells |
| What kind of cells are they similar to? | CYTOTOXIC T-CELLS |
| What do they defend against? | Viruses, cancers by directly killing cells |
| IMMUNE TOLERANCE | IMMUNE TOLERANCE |
| What is clonal deletion? | Self clones destroyed in fetal thymus |
| Where does clonal inactivation happen? | In periphery |
| Why does it happen? | Activating factor for T-cell not understood by APC |
| What is the result? | T-cell dies |
| Which are memory cells? b-cells, Cyto t-cells, or helper t-cells/NK cells | B-cell |
| ANTIBODY MEDIATED RESPONSES | ANTIBODY MEDIATED RESPONSES |
| What happens when microbe or toxin enters body? First step: | B-cells bind to antigen and activate t-cell by presenting antigen to it |
| Second: | Helpter t-cells activated b/c of presentation by MHC class II thing |
| Thrid: | Cytokines cause helper t-cells to make clone of cells that secrete more cytokines |
| What is the role of IL-2 w/ b and t cells? | B-cells secrete il-2-->make more t-cells-->which make more il-2-->causes more b-cells to form |
| What is the fourth step? | B-cells activated by secreted cytokines from helpter t-cells |
| Fifth: | B-cells divide into plasma cells, which secrete anti-bodies |
| dWhat happens to some of the activated b-cells? | They become meory cells that hang out in our body |
| Sixth: | anti-bodies are carried throughout body by blood and combine with antigen |
| Seventh: What can the antibody do to inactivate them? | Can bind directly to toxin/antigen and inactivate them; and it can bind to cells and link them to macrophages, NK cells or complemetn |
| What is a complement? | Series of chemical reactions that poke holes in membrane to kill bacteria |
| HARMFUL IMMUNE RESPONES | HARMFUL IMMUNE RESPONSES |
| What are some? | Hypersensitivity, autoimmune disease, and AIDS |
| What is hypersensitivity? What does it result in? | Results in allergies, it is when you just have a greater immune response-->more histamine formed-->runny nose |
| What is autoimmune attack? | You don't recognize your own cells, so you kill them |
| What are some causes of autoimmune disease? What's an example of one? | Failure of clonal deletion, weird shaped proteins; type one diabetes |
| What does AIDS cause? | Kills helper t-cells and reduces funtion of B and cytotoxic t-cells |
| How does AIDS cause the death of helper t-cells? | It makes our own body do it |
Created by:
talkglitter2486