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PHYS2
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM II: Hypothalmus and pituitary gland
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When encases the pituitary gland structure? | Encased in bone at the base of the brain |
| How is it connected to the hypothalmus? | By the infundibulum, |
| What is the infundibulum? | a stalk containing nerve fibers and blood vessels |
| How many lobes does it have? | Anterior and posterior, each w/ a different function |
| What is the posterior pitutiary gland? | An outgrowth of the hypothalamus made of neural tissue |
| Where do nerve fibers from the hypothalmus terminate? | In the posterior pituitary adjacent to small blood vessels |
| Where would you have lots of blood? | In the ant. pituitary |
| Where are hormones synthesized? | The hypothalamus |
| A single neuron produces how many hormones? | ONly ONE |
| What does the posterior pituitary secrete? Which hormones, I mean? | Oxytocin and vasopressin |
| Is the anterior pituitary connected to the hypothamuls? | NOT via important connections |
| What do the hypothalamic neurons secrete? | Hypophysioltropic hormones that control the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones |
| What is the portal system in the anterior pituitary hormoned? | Hypothamus secretes hormones, they travel to primary capillary plexus in median eminence, and they travel to second capillary plexus via portal veins |
| What does the capillary plexus surround? | Endocrine cells in teh anterioir pituitary |
| What hormones does the anterior pituitary gland secrete? | GH, TSH, ACTH, PRL, FSH, and LH |
| Where does PRL go? | Prolactic goes to the breasts |
| What are hypophysiotropic hormones? | They secrete other important hormones |
| What does CRH secrete? | ACTH |
| What about TRH? | TSH |
| GHRH? | GH |
| Somatostatin? | Inhibits secretion of GH |
| FnRH? | LH and FSH |
| Dopamine? | Inhibits secretion of prolactin |
| What controls hypophysiotropic hormones? | CNS, downstream hormones, non-sequence hormones, and long and short feed-back loops |
| How does CNS control hypophysiotropic hormones? | Via catecholamines and acetylcholine |
| How do downstream hormones control it? | Positve and negative feedback |
| ENDOCRINE DISORDERS | ENDOCRINE DISORDERS |
| Hyposecretion: | Too little hormones |
| Hypersecretion: | Too much hormone |
| Hyporesponsiveness: | Reduced response of the target cells |
| What is diabetes tyipe one? | pancreas produces too little insulin |
| Type two diabetes: | Non insulin dependant, receptors won't respond to insulin |
| What are primary endocine disorders? | defect in the cells that secrete the hormone |
| What are secondary disorders? | Too much or too little tropic hormones |
| How would one distinguish b/w the two? | By measuring the hormone and tropic hromones under both basal conditions and after stimulation or suppression of the hormone |
| What is seasonal affective disorder regulated by? | Pineal gland sensitive to light. |
| How so? | It produces melatonin-synthesized from serotonis |
| What stimulated its production? | Darkness stimulates production |
| What ithibits its production? | light |
| THROID HORMONE | THYROID HORMONE |
| Where is the thryoid gland located? | In lower part of the neck |
| How does secretion of the hormone occur? | enzymatic splitting of a larger protein into T3 and T4 |
| Which is secreted in greater amounts? Why? | T4 |
| How can we make T3? | T4 can be converted into t3 in target cells |
| What element is an essential element that functions with T4 AND t3? | Iodine |
| What are the effects of throid hormones? | Regulation of metabolic rate, growth, and brain development and function |
| What does it have a permissive effect on? | Catcholamines; it upregulates their receptors |
| ADRENAL GLAND AND STRESS | STRESS AND ADRENAL |
| What is the stress? | Can be fear, cold, infection, pain... |
| What does the stress lead to? | Release of corisol by adrenal gland |
| What induces the rease? | Neural inputs to the hypothalmus which lead to CRH release |
| What does this stimulate? | Gluconogenesis |
| What does the adrenal gland stress lead to? | Stimulates metabolism in the brain |
| What does it have permissive actions upon? | EPI and NE |
| What are they critical for? | Blood pressure hemoeostasis |
| What neural system is activated by stress? | Smpathetic |
Created by:
talkglitter2486