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AP US History
Imperialism and Progressivism
| Glossary Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1890 Sherman Antitrust Act | A federal law that committed the American government to opposing monopolies. It prohibited contracts, combinations, and conspiracies in restraint of trade. Was used four times to outlaw unions, labeling them a "conspiracy in restraint of trade." |
| Benjamin Harrison | A Republican who ran against Cleveland and became the 23rd president. His administration, known as the "Billion-Dollar Congress," will probably be remembered most for its spending. |
| The Women's Crusade | This movement began in the Midwest and spread east in the winter of 1873-1874, set out to convince owners of saloons and other drinking establishments to stop selling alcohol to bar patrons. |
| Sherman Silver Purchase Act | Was meant to help farmers by increasong money supply, by having the governement buy millions of ounces of Silver, and causing inflation, which would then increase income to farmers from their crops. |
| McKinley Tariff Bill | Significantly raised the tariff on some foreign products and gave a subsidy, or financial assistance, to sugar producers. Part of the "Billion Dollar Congress" |
| Populist Party | Primarily a farmers' movement, this party wanted one term presidents, shorter workdays, limited immigration, a graduated income tax, unlimited silver money, and government ownership of railroads. Became a third party in the 1892 election. |
| Jacob Coxey | Because unemployment had hit all-time highs, a businessman from Ohio decided to raise an army of hundreds of thousands of unemployed to march on Washington to protest. Arriving with about 500 followers, he was promptly arrested for walking on the grass. |
| The Pullman Strike | A major strike of railroad workers that was put down by government troops who claimed they were interfering with the delivery of mail. Mobs of local people and strikers rioted and destroyed a great deal of property. |
| Monroe Doctrine Invoked | Was used when Britain became involved in a border dispute between Venezuela and British Guiana. It was a declaration that the Western Hemisphere was off-limits to European colonization and expansion. |
| "Cross of Gold" | A speech given by William Jennings Bryan in which he argued for currency based on silver as well as gold, which would help the working people. |
| Yellow Journalism | Sensational and often exaggerated story-writing used to make more money by selling more papers. Used to gain public support for a war with Spain over Cuba. |
| USS Maine | Blew up in Havana Harbor, and 260 men were killed. It was probably an accident, but the Americans, thanks in no small part to yellow journalism, blamed the Spanish. One of the causes of the Spanish-American War. |
| Spanish-American War | Gave the United States control over the former Spanish colonies of Puerto Rico, the Philippines ,and Guam. Also gave them control over the process of independence of Cuba, which was completed in 1902. Part of 19th century American imperialism. |
| Teddy Roosevelt | 26th President of the United States, and a leader of the Republican Party and of the Progressive Movement. He led the Rough Riders in the Spanish-American War, was famous for "speak softly and carry a big stick," and won the Nobel Peace Prize. |
| Annexation of Hawaii, 1898 | Part of the collection of islands, which later became a state, that the US gained during the period of late 19th century imperialism. |
| Imperialism | The practice of one country extending its control over the territory, political system, or economic life of another country. |
| Panama Canal | Started by Teddy Roosevelt and finally completed in 1914, it created a sea route between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. The US had to support a revolution in Columbia in order to proceed with the plan. |
| Roosevelt Corollary | Formed in 1904 in response to the Dominican Republic Crisis, it said that if Latin-American nations got into any kind of trouble, especially financial trouble, the US would step in and fix things so that European powers would stay of out of the Americas. |
| Assasination of McKinley | Died at the hands of an anarchist named Leon Czolgosz who thought the president had too much power. Allowed Teddy Roosevelt to become president. |
| "Speak softly and carry a big stick" | A motto made famous by Teddy Roosevelt which meant that the US would try dipolomacy first, but if necessary, would take military action. |
| Roosevelt wins the Nobel Peace Prize | Awarded to this American President for effectively ending the Russo-Japanese War of 1905. |
| Muckrakers | Journalists who made it their own personal quest to uncover as much social injustice as they could find. Their constant digging in the muck and mire of social injustice earned them this nickname. |
| WCTU / Anti-Saloon League | These organizations aggressively attacked the liquor industry. Many progressives, especially women, fought against the evils of alcohol and brougt attention to happenings in bars and saloons, as well as the unsavory behavior of intoxicated men |
| The Square Deal | Progressive plan launched by Teddy Roosevelt had three main goals: Some control and regulation of big business, protection of consumers against business, and conservation of the natural resources big industries were using at an alarming rate. |
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alfromcanada