| Description | Answer |
| The 'separate ones', the Jewish sect which believed in life after death and angels, hoped for a messiah, and supplemented the Biblical material with the 'tradition of the elders' | Pharisees |
| The 'righteous ones,' the Jewish sect which ws of the priestly caste, ran the temple, kept strict kosher guidelines, and did not believe in anything not found in the Torah | Saduccees |
| The revolutionary Jewish sect whose purpose was to regain governmental power, and who planned and implemeted violent attacts against the Romans | Zealots |
| The Jewish sect that believed that the coming messiah would do battle with the forces of evil for them | Essenes |
| The Greek philosophy which taught that life itself was only and dream and that the real existed within the realm of the divine | Platonism |
| The Greek philosophy which emphasized discipline, rationality, and being unemotional about traumas or good luck | Stoicism |
| The Roman Emperor who issued the Edict of Milan, bringing freedom of worship to all religions | Constatine |
| Early Christians who tried to convince the leaders of the state that the Christians had done nothing to deserve the persecutions being inflicted upon them | Apologists |
| A group in the early church who insisted that Gentiles and Jews were bound to the law of Moses, and that there was no salvation apart from circumcision and the law of Moses | Ebionites |
| The combination of Christian thought, Zoroastrianism, and other oriental religious ideas | Manicheanism |
| The Greek philosophy which taught that this world was evil and antagonistic toward the good | Gnosticism |
| Early church father who attempted to refute Gnostic doctrines by use of the Scriptures and the development of a body of related tradition | Irenaeus |
| The outstanding apologist of the Western church who was devated to the development of a sound Western theology and the defeat of all false philosophical and pagan forces opposed to Christianity | Tertullian |
| Western apologist who sought to show the superiority of Christianity as the true philosophy, so that the pagans might be influenced to accept it | Clemet of Alexandria |
| The apologist who wrote the first Christian treatise of systematic theology | Origen |
| Roman emperor who made use of the church to help save classical culture | Constatine |
| Roman law which granted religious freedom of worship to all people | Edict of Milan |
| The assertion that a bishops power to ordain had been compromised (he had committed the unpardonable sin) because he had failed to remain true to Christ during persecution | Donatisim |
| The haven for Greco-Roman culture when Rome fell to the Germanic tribes in the fifth century, and the center of political power in the East | Constantinople |
| The Roman emperor who made Christianity the exclusive religion of the Roman state and prohibited paganism | Theodosius I |
| The Roman emperor who built the St. Sophia church in Constantinople and codified Roman Law in the Corpus Civilis | Justinian |
| The Egyptian Christian who is usually regarded as the founder of monasticism in the East | Anthony |
| The social or communal type of monasticism | Cenobitic |
| The monk whose plan of organization, work, and worship (his Rule) became the basis for Western monasticism | Benedict |
| The understanding of Christ that asserted that he had not existed from all eternity but had a beginning by the creative act of God; he was of a different (heteros) essence of substance from the Father | Arian view |
| The understanding of Christ that he had existed from all eternity with the Father and was of the same essence (homoousios) as the Father, though he was a distinct personality | Athanasian view |
| The understanding of Christ that he was not created out of nothing but was begotten of the Father before time in eternity; he was of a like (homoi) or similar essence to the Father | Eusebian view |
| The first Christian teacher to make a distinction between essence or substance and person in discussion of the Trinity | Gregory of Nyssa |
| Statements of faith for public use which serve as a convenient summary of the essential doctrines of the faith | Creeds |
| The oldest summary of the essential doctrines of Scriptures, used as an early baptismal formula | The Apostles Creed |
| Christian teacher who stressed the deity of Christ but minimized his true manhood | Apollinarius |
| Christian teacher who taught that Christ was only a perfect man who was morally linked to deity, the God--bearer, rather than the God-man | Nestorius |
| Christian teacher who was more willing to give the human will a place in the process of salvation | Pelagius |
| The greatest of the 'fathers' of the church who taught that humanity's will is entirely corrupted by the Fall so that they must be considered depraved and unable to exercise their will in regard to the matter of salvation | Augustine |
| The church 'father' who has the title, "Father of Church History" | Eusebius |
| The commentator and translator who produced the Latin translation of the Bible known as the Latin Vulgate | Jerome |
| The Bishop of Milan who was instrumental in bringing Augustine to faith | Ambrose |
| Centers where manuscripts were carefully produced and copied, and where Helleno-Hebraic culture was preserved | Monastaries |
| The doctrine which held that by divine miracle the substance of bread and wine were actually changed into the body and blood of Christ | Transubstantiation |
| The years between 325 and 1453, marked by sterility and the absence of classical influence | The Middle Ages |
| The first five centuries of the Middle Ages | The Dark Ages |
| The Pope who ranks with Jerome, Ambrose, and Augustine as one of the four great doctores of the church | Gregory the Great |
| Pictures of Christ which were to be accorded reverence but not worship | Icons |
| The first great schism of the church | The Schism of 1054 |
