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MICRO-LECT 5
Bacterial Growth
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are some physical factors that would affect growth? | Temp, pH, and osmotic pressure |
| What are some examples of organisms that would affected by temp? | 1) Psychorophiles , 2) Mesophiles 3) Thermophiles |
| What are psychorophiles? | (They are cold loving, so they divide slowly over long time) |
| What are mesophiles? | They live in and on us as pathogens since they like body temp |
| What are thermophiles? | Hot loving |
| Where do they reside? | Yellowstone hot springs |
| In which type of reaction are they important? | Polymerase chain reaction enzymes |
| What are hyperthermophils? | They live in boliling water |
| What is the scary thing they are capable of in regards to DNA? | They can divide really quickly, turning one DNA molecule into MILLIONS over a short period of time |
| At what pH do most bacteria like to reside? | 6.5-7.5 (slightlyu acidic to neutral pH) |
| What pH do acidophiles like to reside? | pH < 6.5 |
| OSMOTIC PRESSURE | OSMOTIC PRESSURE |
| What does a high salt content do to the cell? | Makes water leave the cell |
| What are halophils? | Salt-loving organisms |
| What are nutritional factors required for growth? | Nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, and trace minerals |
| What are trace minerals? | Co-factors like vitamins |
| Do all organisms need oxygen to grow? | Nope... |
| What are obligate aerobes? | Need oxygen to grow |
| Faculatative anaerobes/aerobes? | Can grow w/o oxygen, but they want oxygen to make ATP |
| What are microaerophiles? | Only live in SPECIFIC oxygen concentration |
| What are aerotolerant anaerobes: | They can withstand oxygen, but grow slowly in it |
| What are obligate anaerobes? | Can't grow at all in oxygen |
| Where do most of the organisms fall under? | Obligate anaerobes |
| how do those organisms that can't grow in oxygen get rid of the oxygen? | Some protective enzymes that are used to detoxify oxygen |
| What are the energy sources for heterotrophs? | Organic molecules from food...etc. |
| What are the two forms of growth media? | broth and agar |
| What is broth? | Liquid culture you shake to give oxygen to |
| What is agar? | Take the broth, boil it, and solidify it |
| What are the types of agar? | Plates (most), tubes, and slants |
| What are the types of meda? | Complex, defined, minimal, slective, differential, blood |
| What is complex? | Put in lots of stuff (like yeast extract)to get lots of bacteria |
| What is defined? | We know what's in it down to the exact amount each |
| What is minimal? | You just put in enough to get something to grow |
| What is selective? | Only allows certain organisms to grow |
| What is differential? | Things grow, but we can tell them apart via color or they hemolysis ability |
| What is the blood media? | How some orgs can perform hymolysis and some can't |
| What is the comlex form of hymolysis called? | Beta lysis |
| What is the Gamma Hemolysis? | No actual hemolytic activity |
| CONDITIONS OF INCUBATION | CONDITIONS OF INCUBATION |
| What is the standard temperature for incubatioN? | body temp at 37 |
| When would we use shaking incubators? | For aerobic cultures to get oxygen |
| What's an anaerobic chamber? | No air |
| What's an anaerobic gas pack? | ??? |
| What is a reducing media? | Gets oxygen out of culture to let organisms grow |
| What are enrichment cultures special additions? | CO2, blood, and vitamins |
| What are some forms of bacterial growth? | In plate--culture |
| How does a colony grow? | On agar surface |
| How does turbidity become obvious? | In broth |
| How many cells are needed to yeild observable turbidity? | Over 10^7 cells per mL |
| MEASUREMENTS OF CELL NUMBER | CELL NUMBER |
| What is the process of cell count by microscopy? | Put sample on grid |
| Is this method used a lot? | no |
| What is a viable count? What do you do in one? | Plate count; put sample on grid to see what grows |
| What are types of viable counts? | Pour, spread, and plate dilutions |
| What are pour plates used for? | Counting anaerobes |
| What are spread plates used for? | Counting aerobes |
| What are plate dilutions used for? | To determine bacterial samples... |
| How do you measure turbidity? | Spectrophotometer |
| When would you need to employ turbidity measurements? | When you know organisms, but you have to get a reliable number of the turbidity |
| When would you streak for isolation? | When you want to purify the bacteria |
| What would you need to do? | Isolate a single bacterium to see which colony grows |
| What is the bacterium growth curve? | The growth of bacteria in broth culture over time |
| What are the types of bacterial division? | Binary fission, generative time |
| What is generative time? | Time required for one division (doubling |
| What is the approximate generation time for most bacteria in a complex media? | 30-60 minutes |
| what is generally understood as being always a component of the growth curve? | That you always have death... |
| What are the components of the growth curve? | Lag phase, log phase, stationary phase, death phase |
| What is the lag phase dependant on? | Dependant on the organism |
| What is the log phase? | Exponential growth phase |
| What is the stationary phase? | When something is exhausted, you pretty much don't move (ie, saturation) |
| Give an example of the stationary phase... | When glucose doesn't have a co-factor |
| What is the death phase? | Toxic stuff out othere |
| When would you generally observe the death phase? | IN LAB.... |
Created by:
talkglitter2486