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Physiology-Lecture 5

METABOLISM AND CELL SIGNALING

QuestionAnswer
How is excess glucose stored? Glycogen
Where is the glucose stored? In liver and skeletal muscles
When is the glycogen formed? 1st glycolysis step
Where is glycogen broken down? Liver
Why is glucose important in our body? Needed for nervous system functioning
Can a fat molecule become glucose? NOOOOOO
What are adipocytes? Fat cells, where the majority of energy is stored as triglycerides during food uptake
At rest, where does half of our energy come from? from fat breakdown
How much ATP can we get when we break down one fatty acid? 146 ATP molecule
Can glucose become fat? How so? Yes!! Too much sugar makes me fat. You'd need intermediates like pyruvate or acetyul coA
What does the process of fat breakdown begin with? Beta oxydation
What is this process? Split off a Acetyl co-A from fatty acid to transfer 2 hydrogen atoms
Where do the by-products of the beta oxydation feed into? Krebs cycle-->ETC
PROTEIN BREAKDOWN PROTEIN BREAKDOWN
What breaks the peptide bonds in the proteins? Enzyme protease
How is the amino group in the amino acid removed? Deamination and transamination
What is the process of deamination? Amino group gives rise to a molecule of ammonia and is replaced by an oxygen atom derived from water (KETO)
What is transamination? Transfer of the amino group of an amino acid to a KETO
What does transamination result in? An amino acid
What happens to the rest of the amino acid once the amino group is removed? It can enter the krebs cycle
What is a major waste product of protein catabolism? Urea
Do we get a lot of ATP from protein catabolism? NOpe
Our bodies can make how many amino acids? 11
Where can we get the rest? From food we need (need variety of food)
Can we do this reaction: Acetyl-Co A-->pyruvate? No, the reaction of pyruvate to acetyl coa is irreversible
What are the categories of the essential nutrients? 20 mineral elements, 2 fatty acids, 14 vatamins, and 9 amino acids
Can a fatty acid be converted to glucose? NO!!! B/c you can't reverse going from pyruvate to acetyl co-A
Created by: talkglitter2486
 

 



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