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AP US History
Chapter 15 The Crucible of War
| Glossary Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The election of 1860 | The event that pushed the South over the edge. Republicans saw their chance to win the presidency and nominated Lincoln against two Democratsic candidates, Douglas and Breckinridge. Lincoln won, resulting in the secession of Southern states |
| Abraham Lincoln | He was the republican candidate in the Election of 1860, won, and became president. President during the Civil War, he was a good leader because he didn't allow personal feelings to cloud his judgements, and let the generals do their job. |
| The Confederate States of America | The new organization of Southern slave states that seceded from The Union. |
| Jefferson Davis | First and only president of the Confederate States of America from 1861-1865. Was also 23rd Secretary of War for the United States from 1857-1857. |
| Fort Sumter | A federal fort located on a tiny island at the entrance to the Charleston harbour. The capture of this fort on April 14, 1861 marked the official beginning of the Civil War. |
| "Anaconda plan" | Was proposed in 1861 by Union General Winfield Scott to win the American Civil War with minimal loss of life, enveloping the Confederacy by a blockade at sea and control of the Mississippi River. |
| First Battle of Bull Run | Known to the South as the Battle of Manassas, it was a trial run for the North. The Union picked a fight with a Confederate army, but they were defeated when Confederate troops arrived. The North realized they needed to do more in order to win. |
| Robert E. Lee | Confederate General in the East who wasn't afraid of failure. He fought in the American- Mexican War, attended West Point, and was Instrumental in the Confederate's early success. |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Leading Union general in the American Civil War, he captured Vicksburg in 1863 and Richmond in 1865, accepting the surrender of Robert E. Lee at the Appomattox Courthouse. |
| Peninsula Campaign | A major Union operation launched in Southeastern Virginia in July 1862. The operation, commanded by Major General McClellan, was intended to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond by circumventing the Confederate States in Northern Virginia. |
| George McClellan | The general who would never fight. Appointed by Lincoln, he replaced McDowell and commanded the Army of the Potomac. Lee overpowered him at the Yorktown peninsula. |
| Battle of Antietam | The bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties. Although tactically inconclusive, it was enough of a victory to give President Abraham Lincoln the confidence to announce his Emancipation Proclamation plan. |
| Battle of Shiloh | A battle in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. Confederate forces launched a surprise attack against Grant's army, but were eventually forced to retreat. Both sides were shocked at the carnage, 23,741 casualties. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | President Lincoln's declaration freeing all slaves in the seceding states on January 1, 1863. |
| Battle of Gettysburg | A turning point victory for the North. Lee's army was decimated when he attempted a direct assaut against the Union center on Cemetary Ridge. It was Lee's last attempt to launch an offensive against the North. |
| Vicksburg | This city fell in July 1863, after a lengthy siege by General Grant. This effectively divided the Confederacy and was a turning point in the war. |
| General Sherman | He served as general in the U.S Army during the American Civil War, receiving both recognition for his outstanding leadership and criticism for the harshness of the "scorched earth" (March to the Sea) policies he conducted against the South. |
| Appomattox Courthouse | April 9, 1865, Robert E. Lee met Ulysses S. Grant here to discuss the condtions of the Confederate surrender. It came because they were out of food, supplies, determination, and healthy men who could fight. |
| John Wilkes Booth | A confederate sympathizer (and a well-known stage actor of the time) who was unhappy with the outcome of the Civil War. He assinated President Abraham Lincon on April 14th, 1865 while Lincon was watching a play. |
| Andrew Johnson | The seventeenth President of the United States (1865–1869), who took office upon the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. |
| Reconstruction | The attempt to resolve the issues of the American Civil War after both the Confederacy and slavery were destroyed. It was also the era that addressed the return the Southern states that had seceded, and ways to return national unity to the country. |
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