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us chap 25
| terms | descriptions |
|---|---|
| Manchuria | troops marched into this territory and renamed it, this was a violation of the Open Door policy and the League of Nations> showed the inability of the Leaggue to maintain peace |
| stimson doctrine | sec. of state, henry, honored the nine-power treaty by rwfusing to recognize Manchukuo bc it was established by force |
| good-neighbor policy | initiated to improve relations with latin america, noninterventionism (dollar diplomacy no longer worked, US didnt have resources for investments) this helped defend western hemisphere from foreing threats |
| Pan-American confereces | 7th-Montevideo-1936, US pledged not to intervene in Latin American coutries; Buenos Aires- united countries against threatening european forces-1936 |
| London Economic Conference | 1933, league conference, roosevelt participated until proposals to stabalize currencies were made, feared it would interfere with his plans for recovery, he left> unsuccessful meeting |
| italian fascist party, benito mussolini | new regime that seized power of Italy in 1922, led by this man, marched on Rome dressed in black |
| soviet union, recognized | republicans of 20's didnt recognize nation's communist dictatorship, roosevelt did, to increase US trade and boost the economy |
| tydings-mcduffie act | provided for the independence of the philippines by 46 and gradual removal of US military |
| cordell hull | secretary of state, suggested giving the president power to reduce tariffs up to 50% with nations that do the same for US imports |
| fascism | the idea that people should glorify their nation and their race with aggressive show of force |
| german nazi party | arose in 1920's in reaction to bad economic conditions and resentment over the treaty of versailles, led by Adolf Hitler, played on anti-semitic hatred, bullied jews, used fascist ideology, gained control of german legislature in 33 w/ army of brown shirt |
| axis parties | Japan, Italy, and Germany signed treaty to form this alliance |
| isolationism | US didnt want to b drawn into a foreign war, sentiment was storgest in Midwest and among Republicans, willing to avoid war at all costs |
| Nye committee | investigating committee the influenced isolationist legislation, led by Senator Gerald from ND, concluded the main reason for being in WWI was to satisfy greed of bankers and arms manufacturers |
| neutrality acts | series of acts to insure stricy neutrality, in 1935- let president prohibit arms shipments,36- forbade extension of loans/credits to war nations,37- forbade shipments of arms to spain during its civil war |
| spanish civil war (1936-1939) | ideological struggle between fascists and the forces of republicanism, fascists won and established a military dictatorship |
| francisco franco | general, leader of the fascists in spain |
| america first committee | formed to increase anti-war feelings, engaged public speakers like Lindhberg to travel and warn the public against dangers of the war |
| appeasement | allowing Hitler to get away with relatively small acts of aggression and expansion |
| ethiopia | Italian troops invaded this African country to prove fascisms military might, unstopped by the League |
| Rhineland | region in western germany, supposed to be permanantly demilitarized, hitler defied Versailles Treaty by ordering troops to march in |
| four freedoms speech | proposed lending money to britain to buy arms, said the US must stand behind nations committed to freedom of ppech, religion, from want, and fear |
| Sudetenland | strip of land in czechoslavakia that spoke german, hitler wanted to take it over |
| munich | Neville Chamberlain and Edouard Daladier met Hitler and Mussolini here and agreed to appease him with sudetenland |
| quarantine speech | roosevelt recognized the dangers of fasicst aggression, proposed that democracies band together, dropped idea when met with negative public reaction |
| Poland- blitzkrieg | first country to fall to germany's use of air power and fast moving tanks |
| cash and carry | US adopted a looser neutrality act that provided that a belligerent nation could buy arms from the US if they paid with cash and picked them up with their own ships |
| Selective Training and Service Act | 1940, provided for registration of all American men at fighting age for training |
| destroyers-for-bases deal | britain recieved 50 older/serviceable US destroyers in exchange for rights to bases in the caribbean |
| Wendell Wilkie | republican nominee in 1940, lawyer, utillity executive with a magnetic personality, criticized breaking 2term tradition |
| Land-Lease Act (1941) | act permitted Britain to obtain US arms that it needed thru credit |
| Atlantic Charter | Roosevelt and Churchill drew up this document that agreed the general principles of a sound peace would include self-determination for all, no territorial expansion, and free trade |
| Pearl Harbor | when US fleet was anchored in Hawaii, Japanese plains flew over and bombed every ship in sight, Arizona was sank |
| Office of Price Admin | federal agancy that regulated almost every aspect of civilians lives by freezing prices, wages, rents and rationing |
| Smith v Alright | case ruled that it was unconstitutional to deny membership in political parties to Af Am's to exclude them from voting in primaries |
| Korematsu v US | 1944, declared the government's internment policy was justified in wartime- japanese americans on the west coast could be forced out of their homes and into camps |
| Harry S Truman | Missouri senator, FDR's running mate in 1944 |
| Battle of the Atlantic | naval war to control the shipping lanes |
| Dwight Eisenhower | general, led Operation Torch, took north africa from the germans |
| D day | June 6 1944, largest invasion by sea in history US forcessecured several beachheads on the Normandy coast |
| Battle of the bulge | desperate counter-attack in Belgium, dec 1944 |
| holocaust | nazis program of genocide against the jews and others, concentration camps, 6 million jews systematically murdered |
| battle of midway | part of the turning point, June, japanese messages were intercepted and decoded which enabled the US to destroy four japanese carriers and 300 planes |
| chester nimitz | Admiral, adopted island hopping, allowed Allied forces to move rapidly towards japan |
| douglas macarthur | general, vowed to return to the philippines, commanded army units in the southern pacific |
| manhattan project | top-secret new weapon, employed over 100, 000 ppl, spent $2 billion to create atom bombs |
| J Robert Oppenheimer | directed the Manhattan project |
| atomic bomb | successfully tested in Alamogordo, NM |
| Hiroshima, Nagasaki | a-bombs dropped here |
| Big Three | leaders of the US, Soviet Union, and Great Britain |
| Yalta | agreement that said gremany would b divided into occupational zones, liberated countries in europe would have free elections, the soviets would enter the war against japan, they would control the southern half of more islands, UN would be formed |
| United Nations | international organization including 50 nations |
Created by:
emmamalo