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Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the master gland? | Pituitary Gland |
| What are the hormones of the Anterior Pituitary gland? | GH-growth hormone, TSH-Thyroid stimulating hormone, ACTH- Adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| What are the posterior Pituitary hormomones? | ADH-Antidiuretic hormone |
| What is an underproduction of growth hormone called? And what is the treatment for this? | Dwarfism, treatment-lifelong hormone replacement |
| What is hypersecretion of growth hormone in adulthood called? | acromegaly |
| For a transphenoid hypophysectomy (removal of the pituitary gland) What should the nurse monitor for post Op? | Post op halo-blood seperates from fluid- test for glucose in CSF (more accurate than halo) |
| What are the signs and symptoms of acromegaly? | hyperglycemia, CHF-enlarged heart and liver, visual disturbances, HTN, and sleep apnea |
| What is Diabetes Insipidus? | ADH insufficiency= excess fluid excretion |
| Treatment for Hypernatremia (not enough ADH) | desmopressin-vasopressin (intranasal) |
| SIADH is a continous release of ADH so what happens to water and sodium levels? | Water is retained and sodium levels decrease because diluted |
| What is the treatment for SIADH (too much ADH hyponatremia) | fluid restriction, diuretics, hypertonic saline solution, and TQ (Treat the underlying cause) |
| Synthroid has an interaction with insulin. What does it do? | It will increase glucose and insulin need. |
| What is hypothyroidism and what is the treatment? | TQ-lifelong hormone replacement, hashimotos disease T3 and T4 decreased, TSH increased, decreased metabolism. |
| What results from untreated hypothyroid coma, resp. failure, hypotention, hypothermia, shock, and death... what are these symptoms and signs of? | Myxedema Coma |
| With Radioactive iodine | no radiation precautions |
| Where is the incision for a Thyroidectomy and what should be kept at the bedside? | incision in anterior neck AIRWAY! Keep emergency trach equipment at bedside. |
| What is Graves Disease? | Hyperthyroidism- an autoimmune disorder - antibodies attach to the TSH causing overproduction of thyroid hormone. |
| What is a Goiter? | Enlarged thyroid gland and treatment is radioactive iodine- no radiation percations for radioactive iodine (TQ) |
| What is uncontrolled hyperthyroidism that manifests quickly? | Thyroid storm |
| What are the signs and symptoms of a thyroid storm? | Fever, tachy, HTN, triggered by trauma, infection, DKA, pregnancy |
| Increased Parathyroid hormone causes reabsorption of calcium (kidney stones) | Hyperparathyroidism=increased bone loss because of loss of calcium |
| Hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism cause what? | brittle bones (osteoporosis) |
| What happens when a person has hypoparathyroidism (low PTH)? | tetany due to decreased serum calcium (muscle cramping, spasms, numbness) |
| What is Trousseaus sign? (hypoparathyroidism) | spasm of arm |
| What is chvosteks sign?(hypoparathyroidism) | Twitch of face |
| What are signs of hypoparathyroidism | spasm of arm (trousseaus sign), twitch of face (chvosteks sign) and serum calcium decreased |
| What is a diet for hypoparathyroidism? | high calcium/ low phosphate. (avoid milk, yogurt, and processed cheese because high in phosphate) |
| What does the adrenal medulla secrete (TQ)? | catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) |
| What are the 5 H's of cancer of the medulla? (TQ) | 5 H's Hypertension, headache, hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating), hypermetabolism, hyperglycemia |
| What is addision disease and what are the signs and symptoms of this disease? (TQ) | Adrenocortical insufficiency, hypovolimia, hypotension, increased skin pigmentation, glucose decreased, sodium decreased, potassium decreased, adrenocortical hormone decreased. Treatment increase sodium intake with meals |
| What is cushings syndrome? | adrenal overproduction or long term steroid use. Hypertension due to NA+ and H20 retention |
| What are the signs and symptoms of cushings syndrome? | round, fat abdomen, moon face, thin extremities, increased glucose, increased sodium, decreasesd potassium, easy bruising., |