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Audiology
disorders, anatomy & physiology of hearing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| professional doctorate in audiology | Au. D. |
| AAA stands for | American Academy of Audiology |
| tuning fork test of laterization | Weber |
| interaural attenuation | the energy lost as sound travels from one ear to another |
| false positive response | patient signals that they hear a tone when no tone presented |
| dimensions of an audiogram should be | 1 octave by 20 dB |
| false negative response | patient does not respond to a near-threshold tone that s/he responded to earlier |
| equation for cross-hearing | AC (test ear - IA greater than or = to BC (non-test ear) |
| cerumen produced in the | cartilagenous external auditory canal |
| complete absence of the pinna | anotia |
| concha | middle-most, bowl shaped portion of pinna, which opens into the external auditory canal |
| point of maximum retraction of the TM | umbo |
| largest surface area of TM | pars tensa |
| general term for surgical repair of damage to middle-ear structures to restore function | tympanoplasty |
| pinna most efficient in funneling what frequencies to the TM | high |
| TM is held in position at the end of the external auditory canal by the | tympanic annulus |
| hearing testing with supra-aural earphones may cause the appearance of a conductive loss due to | collapse of the cartilaginous external auditory canal |
| fungal infections of the external auditory canal | otomycosis |
| when examining the outer & middle ear of adult the pinna should be pulled | up and back to straighten canal |
| when examining the outer & middle ear of child the pinna should be pulled | down and back to straighten canal |
| congenital closure of a normally open orifice | atresia |
| any plastic surgery performed on the external ear | otoplasty |
| narrowing of external auditory canals | stenosis |
| tympanic membrane composed of how many layers? | 3 |
| pars flaccida AKA? | Shrapnell's membrane |
| surgical repair of damage to middle-ear structures | tympanoplasty |
| Pressure equalization tubes function as artificial | eustachian tubes |
| when eustachian tube chronically open, known as | patulous |
| physical volume test is designed to determine presence of | a tympanic membrane perforation |
| during gestation the middle-ear space is filled with | mesenchyme |
| middle-ear muscle which contracts in order to reduce the amplitude of sound vibration; innervated by a branch of VII facial cranial nerve | stapedius muscle |
| artifact of bone conduction most evident at 2000-2500 Hz; one of the first clinical manifestations of otosclerosis | carhart notch |
| blue sclera, Schwartze sign, & paracusis willisi are usually symptoms of | otosclerosis |
| thickening of the tympanic membrane secondary to otitis media | tympanosclerosis |
| the fluid line that it may be possible to see during a case of serous effusion | meniscus |
| the space in the middle-ear cavity above the tympanic membrane | epitympanic recess |
| the stapes sits in the | oval window |
| otosclerosis is most prevalent in | women |
| the tensor tympani muscle is innervated by the | trigeminal nerve |
| a reddish glow observed through the tympanic membranes of some patients with otosclerosis | the Schwartze sign |
| a pseudo-tumor in the middle ear composed of skin and fatty tissue | cholesteatoma |
| as frequency is decreased, the occlusion effect | increases |
| otosclerosis patients report that they hear better in places that are | noisy |
| when loudness grows so rapidly that a tone may be as loud in an impaired ear as in a normal ear at the same SPL | recruitment |
| rapid rocking movement of the eyes | nystagmus |
| a device used to measure oscillatory movement of the eyes in response to caloric stimulation | electronystagmograph |
| the end organ of the semicircular canals is the | crista |
| the type of acceleration the utriculosaccular mechanism is responsible for interpreting is | linear |
| the type of acceleration the semicircular canals are responsible for interpreting is | angular |
| the tips of the outer hair cells are embedded in the | tectorial membrane |
| the fluid that surrounds the membranous labyrinth is | perilymph |
| carries blood, supports hair cells & produces endolymph | stria vascularis |
| the stria vascularis does not produce a | DC potential |
| extends the entire length of the cochlea ans supports the organ of corti | basilar membrane |
| when the ear is stimulated by sound, the oval and round windows move | in an out of phase relationship |
| the structure btw the stapes and the inner ear is the | oval window |
| a child may be be born with a hearing loss if exposed prenatally to this virus | cytomegalovirus (CMV) |
| the basal end of the cochlea responds to these frequencies | highest |
| the apical end of the cochlea responds to these frequencies | lowest |
| contracting a viral infection during which trimester of pregnancy can be most damaging to a child's hearing mechanism? | first |
| deprivation of oxygen, which may cause damage to the cochlea, is called | anoxia |
| the central core around which the cochlea winds is called the | modiolus |
| the small opening allowing passage of perilymph from the scala vestibuli to the scala tympani | helicotrema |
| caloric testing measures | nystagmus |
| episodic, sensorineural hearing loss, sensation of fullness & low frequency tinnitus, poor hearing sensitivity with poor speech discrimination are symptoms of | Meniere disease |
| hearing thresholds that improve after initial impairment due to noise exposure | temporary threshold shifts |
| in case of noise induced hearing loss, hearing is generally poorest at around what frequency? | 4000 Hz |
| hearing loss associated with aging is | presbycusis |
| phonemic regression is associated with this hearing disorder | presbycusis |
| oversecretion or underabsorption of endolymph is thought to be a probable cause of this disease | Meniere disease |
| noise induced hearing loss from impulsive sounds | acoustic trauma |
| inflammation of the external ear | otitis externa |
| appendage of external ear consisting of cartilage | auricle |
| surgery to repair the tympanic membrane | myringoplasty |
| ear pain | otalgia |
| failure of a portion of the anatomy to develop | agenesis |
| an operation to reverse hearing loss caused by otosclerosis (carried out by breaking the stapes footplate free) | stapes mobilization |
| sterile fluid accumulation in the middle ear | serous effusion |
| an operation to remove infection from the mastoid | mastoidectomy |
| a small muscle that can impede movement of the malleus | tensor tympani |
| inflammation of the mastoid | mastoiditis |
| an operation designed to improve hearing loss caused by otosclerosis (by removing the stapes and replacing it with a prosthesis | stapedectomy |
| the attic of the middle ear space | aditus ad antrum |
| moist lining of the middle ear space | mucous membrane |
| infection of the middle ear | otitis media |
| in anatomy, a leg, as of the stapes | crus |
| formation of spongy bone that may affect normal movement of the stapes | otosclerosis |
| incision into the tympanic membrane, usually to remove fluid | myringotomy |
| membrane separating the middle ear from the inner ear | round window |
| a channel connecting the middle ear to the nasopharynx | eustachian tube |
| calcium formation btw layers of the tympanic membrane or in middle ear, caused by infection | tympanosclerosis |
| an older operation to correct hearing loss from otosclerosis | fenestration |
| a small muscle connected to the stapes | stapedius |
| the efferent portion of a neuron | axon |
| fluid contained in the vestibular & cochlear portions of the bony labyrinth that surrounds the membranous labyrinth | perilymph |
| the central portion of a nerve cell | cell body |
| a vascular strip along the outer wall of the scala media that supplies oxygen to the cochlea | stria vascularis |
| the cavity of the inner ear that contains the organs of equilibrium | vestibule |
| nerves that carry impulses from the periphery to the brain | afferent |
| three loops within the vestibule that monitor angular acceleration | semicircular canals |
| the cochlear duct containing the organ of corti | scala media |
| the widened ends of the semicircular canals that contain the cristae | ampullae |
| fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth | endolymph |
| the membrane separating the scala media from the scala tympani & supporting the organ of corti | basilar membrane |
| Reissner's membrane AKA | vestibular membrane |
| a membrane extending the entire length of the cochlea, separating the scala media from the scala vestibuli | vestibular membrane |
| the interconnecting canals in the temporal bone that contain perilymph, in which is found the membranous labyrinth | labyrinth |
| the branching portion of a neuron that carries impulses to the cell body | dendrite |
| the impression of increased loudness of a bone-conducted tone when the outer ear is tightly covered | occlusion effect |
Created by:
kashamustin