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Neuro: unit 8
the central language mechanism and its disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| perisylvian zone | broca's area, wernicke's area, supramarginal gyrus angular gyrus and arcuate fasciculus |
| thalamus | involved in naming and memory, primary language area. Massive fiber tracts connecting to brocas and wernickes |
| border zone | area just beyond broca's and wernicke's |
| aphasia | an impairment due to acquired and recent damage of the central nervous system, of the ability to comprehend and formulate language. |
| 4 classifications of aphasia | cortical/perisylvian, transcortical/border zone, subcortical aphasia, nonlocalized |
| cotical perisylvian | within the perisylvian area |
| transcortical | in the border zone, Three recognized: Motor, sensory and mixed aphasias |
| subcortical aphasia | below in thalamus |
| non-localized | the exact site of the lesion is unknown, anomia |
| types cortical aphasia | wernicke's, broca's, conduction, global |
| Wernickes Aphasia can be | sensory aphasia, fluent aphasia and receptive aphasia |
| paraphasic (wernicke's aphasia) | omission of parts of words, incorrect use of correct words, use of neologisms and substitution of incorrect phonemes for correct ones |
| logorrhea (wernicke's aphasia) | speech is fluent but excessive |
| press of speech (wernicke's aphasia) | urgency |
| empty speech (wernicke's aphasia) | lacks meaningful and substantive words |
| Symptons of Wernicke's aphasia | use of jargon, comprehension is poor, repetition is poor, reading is disturbed |
| Broca's aphasia is known as | motor aphasia, expressive aphasia, disfluent aphasia |
| symptons of broca's aphasia | decreased verbal output, nonfluent, repetition is always abnormal, naming objects is poor, oral reading is poor, writing is poor |
| Conduction Aphasia | comprhension and articulation are intact, spontaneous speech is better than repetition, conversational speech is fluent and paraphasic |
| conduction aphasia looks like | mild to moderate broca's aphasia |
| Global aphasia | associated with large lesion in the persylvian area. Left side blowout |
| severe impairment of both understanding and expression of language | global aphasia |
| spontaneous improvement of global aphasia | happens in 6 months if it happens |
| person is mute or or uses repetitive vocalizations | global aphasia is marked by... |
| transcortical motor aphasia | lesion is anterior or superior to broca's area, marked by dysfluency and effort in conversation |
| transcortical sensory aphasia | lesion is found deep to and posterior to Wernicke's area |
| fluent aphasia marked by paraphasias, reading comprehension, writing and naming are poor, symptoms are like those of Wernicke's aphasia except they can repeat | transcortical sensory aphasia |
| subcortical aphasia | left thalamic lesion, marked by verbal paraphasias and neologisms |
| reduced vocal volume, aspontaneity in oral expression and word finding deficits with frequent perseveration (get stuck) | subcortical aphasia |
| anomic aphasia | fluent but word finding difficulties (anonmia) occurs in dementia. can be stressed induced |
| progressive aphasia | adult onset degenerative language disorder, language deteriorates slowly over an extended period of time, anomia early sign |
| alexia | inability to comprehend the written or printed word |
| literal alexia | inability to recognize letters |
| verbal alexia | letters are recognized but words are not |
| pure alexia | reading disorder without a writing disorder |
| alexia without agraphia | loss of the ability ot read, retained ability to write, lesion is in the dominant parietal lobe |
| alexia with agraphia | total reading disorder with limited writing ability often two lesions |
| agraphia | inability to normally produce written language lesions are in the left frontal or parietal lobe |
| agnosia | disorder of recognition due to damage to cortical sensory association areas |
| visual agnosia | inability to recognize objects, colors and pictures |
| auditory agnosia | inability to comprehend speech and or nonspeech sounds |
| tactile agnosia | inability to recognize objects by touch |
| Broca's area | motor programming for articulation |
| motor strip | activation of muscles for articulation |
| arcuate fasiculus | transmission of linquistic information to anterior area from posterior areas |
| wernicke's area | comperhension of oral language, decodes question, encodes the answer |
| angular gyrus | association area that integrates visual auditory and tactile informations and carries out symbolic integration for reading |
| 39 | angular gyrus |
| 40 | supermarginal gyrus |
| supermarginal gyrus | symbolic integration for writing |
| corpus callosum | transmission of information between hemisphere |
| subcortical areas | thatlamus, limbic lobe, basal ganglia |
| middle cerebral artery | covers the whole perisylvian artery |
| myoneural | lower motor lesion |
| spastic paralysis | upper tract |
| flaccid paralysis | lower tract |
| too much tone | upper tract |
| not enough tone | lower tract |
| upperlesions | in tracts (corticobulbar or cortical spinal) |
| lower lesions | are in nerves |
| reflex arc | sensory information comes in, mortor information comes out |
| babinski | thumb on baby's foot, toes curl. no babinski normal for adults |
| upper motor neuron disorders | spastic paralysis, hypertonia, hyperefexia |
| clonus, babinski sign, little or no atrophy, no faciculations | upper motor neuron disorders |
| lower motor neuron disorders | flaccid paralysis, hyporeflexia, no clonus, no babinski |
| hypertonia, marked atrophy, fasciculations | lower motor neruon disorders |
| atrophy | diseningration of the muscle |
| fasiculations | little twitches when a muscle dies |
| stroke | upper motor lesion |
| ms | lower motor lesion |
Created by:
dbrinker