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Anatomy
Muscular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Endomysium | delicate connective tissue sheath that encloses muscle fiber |
| Perimysium | coarser fibrous membrane that encloses many muscle fibers |
| Fascicle | a bundle of fibers |
| Epimysium | connective tissue covering that surrounds the entire muscle |
| Tendon (aponeuroses) | attaches muscles indirectly to bones, cartilage, or connective tissue coverings |
| Myofibrils | ribbon-like organelles |
| Irratibility | ability to receive & respond to stimulus |
| Contractivity | ability to shorten (forcibly) |
| Fused/complete tetanus | contraction shows no signs of relaxing |
| Unfused/incomplete tetanus | muscle twitches, rapid impulses so cells don't relax completely, successive contractions are added together, and contractions get stronger & smoother |
| Muscle fatigue | when the muscle is unable to contract even though it is still being stimulated |
| Oxygen debt | not enough oxygen available to keep up with demand of muscles |
| Isotonic contractions | same tone/tension, occurs when myofilaments are successful in their sliding movements |
| Isometric contractions | same measurement/length, occurs when the myosin myofilaments are not successful in their sliding movements |
| Muscle tone | continuously, partial contraction |
| Aerobic/endurance | result in stronger more flexible muscles with greater resistance to fatigue |
| Resistance/isometric | results in building of muscle mass |
| Myo & mys | muscle |
| Sacro | flesh |
| Muscle fibers | all elongated muscle cells |
| skeletal muscles | cigar-shaped |
| skeletal muscles | multi-nucleate cells |
| skeletal muscles | largest muscle fiber types |
| skeletal muscles | striated muscles |
| skeletal muscles | subject to conscious control |
| smooth muscles | no striations |
| smooth muscles | involuntary movements |
| smooth muscles | propels substances along a definite tract |
| cardiac muscles | found only in the heart |
| cardiac muscles | striated |
| cardiac muscles | involuntary |
| Pectoantebrachialis | draws forelimb towards the midline |
| Pectoralis major | draws forelimb towards the midline |
| Pectoralis minor | draws forelimb towards the midline |
| Xiphihumeralis | draws forelimb towards the midline; synergistic with pectoralis minor |
| External oblique | compresses abdominal region |
| Internal oblique | compresses abdominal region |
| Transverse oblique | compresses abdominal region |
| Rectus abdominis | pulls sternum & ribs causing flexon of the trunk |
| Gracilis | (adducts) retracts leg |
| Sartorius | (adducts) rotates femur |
| Biceps femoris | abducts thigh |
| Gluteus maximus | abducts thigh |
| Gluteus medius | abducts thigh |
| Masseter | elevation of the mandible |
| Clavotrapezius | flexes forearm (forward extension of humerus) |
| Clavobrachialis | flexes forearm |
| Acrimiotrapezius | adduct & stabilize position of scapulae |
| Latissimus Dorsi | pulls forelimb dorsocaudally |
| Biceps brachii | flexes forearm & helps stabilize shoulder joint |
| Triceps brachii | extends forearm |
| Brachialis | flexes forearm (synergistic with biceps brachii) |
Created by:
SophomoreStud08