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Chapter 34
Material for chapter 34
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 5 characteristics of aboreal life inherited by humans? | Limber shoulder joint, dextreous hands, streoscopic vision, hand-eye coordination, and extended parental care & single births |
| Define Hominid: | Two-legged primates, including humans |
| What are prosiminans: | Mostly noctoral, small species of monkeys |
| What does arboreal mean? | Tree living |
| How many hominid species are there? | 20, they are more closely related to humans than chimps |
| Mosaic evolution: | Differing rates of evolution for different features |
| What is an example of mosaic evolution? | Walking upright earlier than jaw changes |
| What are the five trends in hominid evolution: | bipedalism, division of labor, increasing brain size and complexity, toolmaking, and meat protein use |
| How is the division of labor supported? | By fossil evidence |
| When did the brain size trend begin? | 2.5 mya |
| What is associated with the brain size trend? | 3-fold increase |
| What is the 3-fold increase? | Permitted greater memory, got speech centers, changed in blood flow, and longer periods of learning for kids because child care time was lengthened |
| When did toolmaking initiate? | 2.6 mya |
| What did the toolmaking trend lead to the formation of? and where? | 3 new muscles in thumb area |
| What is associated with the meat trend | increased use of meat protein, 20 amino acids are in meat, |
| How long have hominids been hunting? | 1.5 mya |
| What are the changes associated with becoming bipedelists? | vertebrate column added more curves, placement of foramen magnum, size and shape of pelvis (broader tilted), position of muscles moving the leg, feet change (opposible big toe goes AWAy) |
| What are the three hypothesis for why bipedalism evolved? | savanah, Thermoregulation, Gather fruit |
| What is a savanah? | Habitat with a dominant tree |
| What is the gather fruit hypthesis? | Gather fruit hypothesis: bipedals needed tolean against trees to pick fruit, so they became two-legged. They used less energy to stand upright, freed hands to pick up children, moved slower on two feet..>less tired |
| what is thermoregulation? | less exposed area to sun |
Created by:
talkglitter2486