pyramidal, extrapyramidal and cerebellar systems

extrapyramidal system

made up of basal ganglia, resposible for automatic execution of learned motor plans

tracts of the pyramidal system

corticospinal tract, cortibulbar tract, coricopontine

sends movement to the cranial nerves through the medulla

from the cortex to the spinal nerves

extrapyramidal system

subserviant system keeps tone in muscles

oscillating movement 3-7 movements per second

a fine tremor that happens while doing an action, a spasm

quick, random movement, fidgets

slow writhing or squirming movement

odd posture or movement then held spastic

abrupt brief almost lightening like contraction of muscle

orafacial dyskeniesia

grimacing of the face, bizarre movements

lack of coordination with any movement

decomposition of movement

breaks complex movement into parts

inability to gauge speed, distance and power of a movement

adiochokinesia, dysdiachokensia

inability to perform rapid movements

inability to control contraction of the flexors and extensors

tremor (cerebellar system)

a tremor during an intentional movement not present when at rest

oscillatory abnormalities of the pupils

lack of coordination and balance in speech.

central nervous system lesions above the pyramidal decussaton

produce weakness and inccordination contralateral to the lesion

central nervous system lesions below the pyramidal decussation

produce weakness and incoordination ipsilateral to the lesion

basal ganglia consist of

caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, sustantia nigra pars reticulata, subthalamic nucleus, sustantia nigra pars compacta

premature death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta

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Motor System

lecture notes

Question	Answer
motor system	pyramidal, extrapyramidal and cerebellar systems
pyramidal system	voluntary system
extrapyramidal system	made up of basal ganglia, resposible for automatic execution of learned motor plans
cerebellar system	balance and coordination
tracts of the pyramidal system	corticospinal tract, cortibulbar tract, coricopontine
corticobulbar tract	sends movement to the cranial nerves through the medulla
corticospinal tract	from the cortex to the spinal nerves
corticopontine tract	goes through the cerebellum
extrapyramidal system	subserviant system keeps tone in muscles
direct activation system	pyramidal system
indirect activation system	extrapyramidal system
dyskenisia	too much movement
akenisia	not enough movement
lesions of the basal ganglia	cause dyskenisia or akenisia
nuclia of extrapyramidal system	basal ganglia
Parkinsons	problem with basal ganglia
tremor	oscillating movement 3-7 movements per second
physiologic tremor	a fine tremor that happens while doing an action, a spasm
chorea	quick, random movement, fidgets
athetosis	slow writhing or squirming movement
dystonia	odd posture or movement then held spastic
myoclonus	abrupt brief almost lightening like contraction of muscle
orafacial dyskeniesia	grimacing of the face, bizarre movements
provides smooth coordination of muscle movements for speech	cerebellar system
ataxia	not coordinated
asynergy	lack of coordination with any movement
decomposition of movement	breaks complex movement into parts
dysmetria	inability to gauge speed, distance and power of a movement
adiochokinesia, dysdiachokensia	inability to perform rapid movements
rebound	inability to control contraction of the flexors and extensors
hypotonia	muscle flaccidty
tremor (cerebellar system)	a tremor during an intentional movement not present when at rest
nystagmus	oscillatory abnormalities of the pupils
muscle stretch reflexes	pendular reflexes
ataxic dysarthria	lack of coordination and balance in speech.
central nervous system lesions above the pyramidal decussaton	produce weakness and inccordination contralateral to the lesion
central nervous system lesions below the pyramidal decussation	produce weakness and incoordination ipsilateral to the lesion
basal ganglia consist of	caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, sustantia nigra pars reticulata, subthalamic nucleus, sustantia nigra pars compacta
hyponomia	masking of face (parkinsons)
cause of parkinsons	premature death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta

Created by: dbrinker

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