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Stack #40962
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Endocrine System | consists of a group of glands that contain regulatory chemicals called hormones that are released directly into the blood stream by ductless glands |
| Functions of Hormones | regulation of body chemistry, digestion, and metabolism; controls and regulates growth and development; acts as a chemical messenger to other endocrine glands |
| Target Tissue | specific tissue acted on by each hormone |
| Receptor Site | located on a cell surface; area at which a hormone attaches itself |
| Negative Feedback | mechanism by which most hormones are controlled |
| -Tropin | suffix that means stimulation of another gland; thyrotropin |
| Thyrotropin | stimulates the thyroid gland to produce its thyroid hormones |
| Hormones | target tissue; receptor site; negative feedback; -tropin |
| Endocrine Glands | pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, sex glands, thymus, pineal gland |
| Pituitary Gland | anterior lobe, posterior lobe |
| Pituitary Gland | AKA hypophysis; known as the master gland; connects with the brain by a stalk called the infundibulum; has two lobes-anterior and posterior; controlled by the hypothalamus |
| Anterior Lobe | thyroid-secreting hormone, adrenocytotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone (gonadotropin hormones), growth hormone, prolactin |
| Anterior Lobe | secretes certain hormones |
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone | THS; AKA thyrotropin; stimulates the thyroid gland to produce its thyroid hormones |
| Adrenocytotropic hormone | ACTH; stimulates the activities of the adrenal cortex |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone | FSH; stimulates the growth and maturation ofthe ovarian follicle in the female; in males, it stimulates the production of sperm-takes place in the testes in the seminiferous tubules; is a gonadotropin hormone |
| Luteinizing hormone | LH; causes ovulation in the female; in males it is called the ICSH and stimulates cells in the testes to produce testosterone (male hormone); is a gnadotropin hormone |
| Growth hormone | GH; AKA somatotropin, regulates growth of all body tissue |
| Prolactin | PRL; stimulates mammary gland function |
| Posterior Lobe | antidiuretic hormone; oxytocin |
| Antidiuretic hormone | ADH; stimulates water absorption in the kidney tubules; promotes reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules; decreased ADH causes more urine production, which causes an excessive loss of water called diabetes insipidus |
| Diabetes insipitus | excesive loss of water caused by an increase in water production which is caused by a decrease in ADH |
| Oxytocin | causes contractions of the uterus and milk ejection from the breast; inducin labor |
| Thyroid Gland | located in the neck; butterfly-shaped organ; isthmus; regulates metabolism; produces T-3, T-4, and calcitonin; goiter; |
| Isthmus | connecting band of tissue between the two lobes of sections of a gland (thyroid gland) |
| T-3 | thri-iodothyronine; works with thyroxin (T-4) to increase the rate of metabolism in body cells |
| T-4 | thyroxin; works with tri-iodothyronine to increase the rate of metabolism in body cells |
| Calcitonin | active in calcium metabolism |
| Goiter | overgrowth of the thyroid gland; need iodine to produce thyroxin, not many of these now because of iodized salt; need iodine to maintain thyroid health |
| Parathyroid Glands | parathyroid hormone |
| Parathyroid Glands | 4 tiny glands imbedded in the thyroid gland; secrete parathyroid hormone(PTH) |
| Top Aviators Fly Large Green Planes | Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocytotropic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone, Growth hormone, Prolactin |
| Parathyroid Hormone | AKA parathormone; regulates calcium by increasin calcium levels in the blood; works with calcitonin from the thyroid gland and vitamin D (sunshine vitamin) |
| Adrenal Glands | medulla, adrenal cortex hormones |
| Adrenal Glands | 2 small glands that sit on top of the kidneys; each gland has two parts; have hormone from different sections |
| Medulla | epinephrine hormone, norepinephrine |
| Medulla | inner part of the adrenal glands; secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| Epinephrine hormone | AKA adrenaline; fight-or-flight hormone; released in times of stress |
| Norepinephrine | brings the body back to normal after fight-or-flight; released in times of stess |
| Adrenal Cortex Hormones | 3 main groups: glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoid steroids, and sex hormones |
| Glucocorticoids | cortisol |
| Glucocorticoids | cortico steroids; releases during times of stress |
| Cortisol | hydrocortisone hormone; gives energy |
| Mineralocorticoid Steroid | base is minerals; hormone is aldosterone; reabsorbs sodium and secretes potassium by the kidneys; regulates sodium and potassium in the body |
| Sex Hormones | AKA androgens; very tiny amounts are released from the adrenal cortex; has very little effect on the body |
| Pancreas | islets of langerhans; glucagon |
| Pancreas | large fish-shaped organ; has specialized cells |
| Islets of Langerhans | contain Beta cells(B-cells)- produce insulin; insulin is necessary for glucose to enter cells; insulin decreases blood glucose levels, acts as key to allow glucose into cells; this decreases sugar levels |
| Glucagon | secreted by Alpha cells (A-cells), reaises blood sugar levesl |
| Without Insulin | high blood sugar |
| Without Glucagon | low blood sugar |
| Sex Glands | concerned with secondary sex characteristics |
| Sex Glands | ovaries, testes, testosterone, progesterone, estrogen |
| Hormones of the Sex Glands | testosterone, progesterone, estrogen |
| Testosterone | secreted by the testes; male hormone |
| Progesterone | femal hormone; secreted by the ovaries |
| Estrogen | female hormone; secreted by the ovaries |
| Thymosin | aids in the development of T-lymphocytes |
| Thymus | located in the chest; after puberty it starts to shrink, what's left becomes fatty tissue; essential in the immune system of young children and adolescents; secretes thymosin |
| Pineal Gland | cone-shaped structure located in the brain; secretes the hormone melatonin |
| Melatonin | produced during the dark periods of the day; regulates the sleep/wake cycles |
| Other Glands of the Skin | sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands, ceruminous glands |
| Sebaceous Glands | oil glands |
| Sudoriferous Glands | sweat glands |
| Ceruminous Glands | wax |
| Local Hormones | prostaglandins |
| Prostaglandins | AKA tissue hormones; a group of local hormones made by most body tissues; play a very improtant role in communication and body processes; diffused by the tissue bt only for a short distance; have multiple functions |
| Functions of Prostaglandins | ability to constrict blood vessels; promote inflammation; cause painful contractions of the uterus; different classes of the prostaglandins; (influence respiration, blood pressue, gastrointestinal secretions, inflammation, and the reproductive system) |
Created by:
Supernurse