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BR
Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gap junctions | dye passes from one cell into the next |
| Derivation of adrenal medulla | neural crest; neuroblasts develop in ganglia |
| adrenal gland layers from outside in | glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis, medulla |
| Tibial nerve function | plantar flexion of toes; injury = loss of plantar flexion, foot dorsiflexed and everted (calcaneovalgocavus), sensory loss on sole of foot |
| Composition of aortic valve (also pulmonic valve) | lined by endothelium and have abundant fibroelastic tissue plus a dense collagenous core |
| Composition of mitral and tricuspid valves | avascular; loose CT core (this core is increased w/valve prolaps ==> myxomatous degeneration) |
| Break humerus and get wrist drop | radial nerve injury |
| Post-radical mastecomy - winged scapula | injury to long thoracic nerve; paralasys of serratus anterior muscle |
| Pt w/nosebleed and rhinorrhea | fx of cribiform plate in ethmoid bone |
| Medial longitudinal fasciculus demyelination in MS | internuclear ophthalmoplegia |
| Parathyroid derivation | third/fourth pharyngeal pouches |
| Phases of meiosis eggs are in before and after ovulation | meiosis I arrested in PROPHASE until ovulation; meiosis II arrested in METAPHASE until fertilization |
| What runs along the radial artery | median nerve |
| artery affected in femoral neck fracture | medial femoral circumflex artery |
| EM of egg: where does sperm penetrate? | zona pellucida |
| Where is metaphase II completed? | in uterus |
| Collagen type I | bone, tendon, skin; greatest tensile strength |
| Collagen type III | initial collagen of wound repair, replaced by collagen type I (collagenase w/Zn as cofactor) |
| Collagen type IV | componenet of basement membrane |
| Collagen type X | epiphyseal plate; picture of bone on exam and need to label where X is located |
| Collagen type II | major component of hyaline cartilage |
| Wallerian degeneration | destruction of distal end of peripheral n; Schwann cells begin to proliferate and form a tube to guide new axons in sprouting regeneration process; growth directed distally (1-3mm/d), are remyelinated and reestabilsh continuity w/motor end plate of muscle |
| Nerve injured in midshaft humerus fracture | median nerve |
| Layers of gastric mucosa | mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa (oblique, longitudinal, circular; other GI has only 2 m layers), adventitia |
| Oligodendrocytes vs Schwann cells | myelinate in CNS vs periphery |
| Stage of eggs arrested after birth | prophase of meiosis I |
| Eye closed, cannot open and eye deviated down and out | occulomotor nerve palsy (III) |
| Eye down and in | trochlear nerve palsy (IV) |
| Child w/popsicle stick in mouth falls down and develops ptosis and miosis of right eye | injury to cervical sympathetic ganglion |
| Vertical diplopia is a/w | cranial nerve IV palsy |
| Pt w/headache and physical findings of mydriasis in right eye in a/w mild lid lag and deviation of eye down and out | aneurysm compressing CNIII (headache is giveaway for aneurysm) |
| Pt w/recent h/o bacterial meningitis has horizontal diplopia in left eye, which is worse on gaze to the left | CN VI palsy (lateral rectus weakness) |
| Pt w/bilateral lateral rectus musle weakness | inc in intracranial pressure (classic sign: papilledema is usu present) |
| Paralysis of upward gaze in an infant | hydrocephalus secondary to stenosis of aqueduct of Sylvius ("Parinaud's syndrome") |
| Multiple ocular motor nerve disorders | diabetes mellitus (common CN palsies from osmotic damage to nerves) |
| Weakness of quadriceps muscle and absent knee jerk reflex | herniated L3-L4 disk |
| Pain in hip and lateral quadriceps, numbness of anterolateral leg and the webbed space btw the great toe, weakness of dorsiflexion of foot, and normal knee and ankle jerk reflexes | herniated L4-L5 disk (note the DTRs are normal) |
| Numbness alont lateral and posterior aspect of calf and plantar aspect of foot, and an absent ankle jerk reflex | herniated L5-S1 disk |
| Young child falls on outstretched arm and has pain in middle and lateral portion of clavicle; upper extremity remains in abduction, extension and internal rotation | nerve injured is C5-C6 (Erb-Duchenne syndrome or superior brachial plexus injury d/t fx); mc fx in newborn |
| Inferior brachial plexus injuries | C8-T1; Klumpke's syndrome |
| Pt has paralysis of oculomotor nerve after a head injury | uncal herniation w/compression of the nerve; ptosis and mydriasis |
| Numbness of thenar aspect of hand | median nerve (carpal tunnel) syndrome |
| Wrist bone w/greates incidence of aseptic necrosis | scaphoid (navicular) bone |
| Supracondylar fracture | injury to brachial artery and median nerve; danger of ischemic contractures in forearm muscle (Volkmann's ischemic contracture) |
| Fetal circulation with greatest O2 content | ductus venosus and umbilical vein |
| A band of skeletal muscle contains | myosin ATPase |
| The most distal airway structure with cilia | respiratory bronchioles |
| Terminal bronchioles | have cilia but no goblet cells; site of obstruction in asthma, CF and chronic bronchitis |
| Voice hoarseness post thyroid surgery | injury to laryngeal nerve |
| Location of splenic artery | above pancreas |
| Xray showing enlargement of posterior heart | L atrium in pt w/mitral stenosis |
| Occlusion of anterior cerebral artery | causes problems in contralateral leg |
| Schwannoma in jugular foramen | weakness of palate/loss of gag reflex/laryngeal paralysis (CNX), trapezius/SCM (XI), loss of taste sensation in posterior 1/3 of tongue (IX) |
| Weber syndrome | lesion of oculomotor nerve and UMN signs with a midline midbrain lesion |
| Horner's syndrome - location of lesion | on a diagram of vertebra and sympathetic trunk, locate cervical sympathetic ganglion |
| Frontal lobe lesion | affects personality |
| Bitemporal hemianopia | lesion at optic chiasm; commonly a craniopharyngioma (derived from Rathke's pouch) |
| Inferior quadrantanopia | defect in superior fibers of temporal lobe |
| Loss of sensation in hands, h/o burns w/o knowing it | syringomyelia in cervical cord and crossed spinothalamics |
| C2 transection of fasciculus gracilis | effects vibration and fine touch of lower extremity only |
| CNIII and UMN signs on opposite side | midline midbrain lesion |
| Loss of pain and temperature and UMN signs on opposite side | mid pons lesion |
| Horner's syndrome w/localizationof lesion on a diagram | lateral medullary syndrome w/associated cranial nerve palsy in medulla and hypothalamus w/associated temperature regulation problems |
| Parkinson's related to drugs | MPTP |
| Blood production prior to birth | liver, bone marrow |
| Bochdalek hernia in posterolateral part of diaphragm on left | presents early in life; visceral contents extend into chest cavity causing severe respiratory distress at birth |
| Parasternal diaphragmatic hernias | extend thru the foramen of Morgagni beneath the sternum and do not usually develop symptoms until later in life |
| Artery a/w foregut | celiac |
| Artery a/w midgut | superior mesenteric |
| Artery a/w hindgut | inferior mesenteric |
| Damage to hearing in a drummer | injury to cochlea |
| Argyll-Robertson pupil | accomodates when pt follows finger moving towards the nose but does not react to direct light; **a/w neurosyphilis** |
Created by:
bscaryp