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AT1Q3
Trends in Evolution and the Start of Ecology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the changes associated with becoming bipedelists? | Vertibrate colunm, placement of foramen magnum, size and shape of pelvis (broader tilted), position of muscles moving the leg, feet change (opposible big toe goes AWAy) |
| Why did bipedalism evolve? | Climate of Africa Changed--became drier-->savana |
| What is savanah | Habitat with a dominant tree |
| Where did the bipedals move? | bpedals-->East savanah africa; Chimps moved to West central africa |
| What is the gather fruit hypothesis? | bipedals needed to lean against trees to pick fruit |
| Tools hypothesis: | We didn't have tools to hunt out animals, they used less energy to stand upright, freed hands to pick up children, moved slower on two feet... |
| Thermoregulation hypothesis: | Less exposed area to sun |
| What is the second trend of bidealism? | Division of labor, supported by fossil evidance |
| What is the third trend of bipedalism? | Increasing brain size and complexity |
| When did the brain size trend begin? | 2.5 mya, |
| What is the 3-fold-increase? | Permitted greater memory, got speech centers, changes in blood flow, longer periods of child care gave more time to learning. |
| Toolmaking came about what year? And what did this lead to? | 2.6 mya, led to three new muscles!!! |
| How many muscles formed? | 3 muscles evolved in thumb area |
| What is the meat trend? How long have hominids been hunting? | Increased use of meat protein, 20 amino acids Hominids have been hunting 1.5 mya |
| What is ecology? | Interactions between organism and environment |
| Population ecology? | Group of individuals of same species living in same area |
| Community ecology: | Populations of organisms that INTERACT with each other |
| Ecosystem ecology: | Community and abiotic factors that influence it |
| What kind of questions for population ecology? | How big is the population, how is it dispersed? |
| What kindo f Q's for community ecology? | How are different populations interacting |
| What kindo f q's for ecosystem ecology? | How do organisms acquire the abiotic resources they need like energy and nutrients |
| What is biosphere ecology? | Part of earth that contains and supports living organisms |
| Climate: | Average weather over big period of time (30 yrs)( |
| How are influences of latitudual variation created? | Earth's curved shape-->latitude variation in the amount of sunlight distributed (tropics get the most sunlight). As latitude increases, sun hits earth at oblique angle = less sunlight |
| Seasonal variation diagram description going counter clockwise: | Top: March (12hr days and night)-->June (North in summer)-->September (12hr day and night)-->December (North in Winter) |
| Global wind patterns occur how? | Air close to earth's surface. As earth rotates, land near equator moves faster at poles, deflecting winds to create east and west flows. Tropics: East to west, Temperate: West to north |
| Wind comes from which side? (N S E W) | WEst for North (30-60) 0-30 and 60 degrees |
| What are Hadley cells? | Gives rise to global wind patterns |
| Five characteristics of aboreal life inherited by humans are: | Limber shoulder joint, Dextreous hands, streoscopic vision, hand-eye coordination, extended parental care, single births |
| Prosiminans: | Mostly noctoral, small species of monkeys |
| What does arboreal mean? | Tree living |
| How many moninid species? | 20, they are more closely related to humans than chimps |
| Mosiac evolution: | Differing rates of evolution for different features, example: walking upright earlier than jaw changes |
| Was more than one species present at a time? | Yes |
Created by:
talkglitter2486