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Stack #36815
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemistry | science that deals with the composition of matter |
| Elements | substances from which all matter is made |
| the major elements | greater than 96% of body weight |
| the major elements | oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen |
| Oxygen | O |
| Carbon | C |
| Hydrogen | H |
| Nitrogen | N |
| Calcium | Ca |
| Phosphorus | P |
| Potassium | K |
| Sulfur | S |
| Sodium | Na |
| Chlorine | Cl |
| Iron | Fe |
| Atom | the basic unit of matter |
| Molecule | two or more atoms united |
| Compounds | two or more different atoms united |
| Water | universal solvent; the most abundant compound; hydrogen and oxygen; needed by all living things to complete body processes (absorption, secretion, excretion) |
| Mixture | two or more elements or compounds which are not chemically combined |
| Solution | a substance which remains evenly distributed in a solvent, is a mixture but it remains evenly distributed |
| Solvent | the dissolving substance, such as water |
| Solute | the substance that is dissolved |
| Suspension | a mixture that separates if it isn't shaken; Ex: milk of magnesia, salad dressing, blood |
| Colloidal suspension | the molecules do not dissolve but remain distributed in the solvent; Ex: chocolate milk, tea |
| Ions | an atom or a group of atoms with different charges; positive or negative charge |
| Electrolytes | help to maintain pH & fluid balance; must be in exact quantities to maintain homeostasis of the intracellular & extracellular fluids found in the cells & in the body; during chemical reactions in the body, minerals tend to pick up an electrical charge |
| Acids and Bases | the pH scale- how the hydrogen is balanced in the body |
| pH scale | concentration of hydrogen ions; high=acid, low hydrogen=bases |
| acidic | 0-6; gives off a sour taste because it is giving off hydrogen; will turn litmus paper red |
| neutral | 7 on the pH scale |
| base or alkaline | 8-14 on the pH scale; will give bitter taste; will have soapy or slippery feel; collects hydrogen; turns litmus paper blue |
| Tissue fluids | slightly salty; 0.9% salty; NSS(normal saline solution); isotonic solution; bathe the cells; deliver nutrients; return wastes to the blood |
| Buffer | maintains constant pH of a solution; maintains stability of body fluids; allows the tissue fluids to be maintained |
| Different forms of energy within the body | Heat, Mechanical, Electrical, Chemical |
| Heat | regulates body temperature |
| Mechanical | moves food through the system; peristalsis-wave-like motion of the digestive tract used to move food through the system |
| Electrical | electrolytes; nerve conduction; must be balanced |
| Chemical | digestion; respiration; take in oxygen change it to carbon dioxide; digestion- breaking down of food needs chemicals, so does absorption |
Created by:
Supernurse