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Neuro Tumors
Tumors
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Type of Cells frequent composed of different astrocytes that react to injured brain tumors | Grade 1 Astocytomas |
| Uncommon Tumor that is composed of different astrocytes that react to injury | Grade 1 Astocytomas |
| Characteristic of Grade 1 | grow slowly, and graudal enlargement shows neoplasm exsists |
| Tumor that arises from fibrillary astrocytes | Grade 1 in white matter |
| Tumor that has prominent processes filled with glial filaments | Grade 2 |
| What happens in Grade 2 | glia infiltrate between myelinated axons in white matter and cluester around neurons in gray matter |
| Tumor common in adults | Grade 2 |
| Tumor with enlarged nuclei and increased amount of chromatin | Grade 3 |
| Characteristics of Grade 3 | mitotic figures, chromosome and spindles are noticable-- means rapid proliferation== |
| Malignant | cancerous |
| Tumor that invades leptomeminges | Grade 4 |
| AKA extends from 1 gyrus to to its neighbor | Grade 4, and glioblastoma multiforme |
| Highest maligant tumor | Grade 4 |
| Tumor most common in middle-aged and elderly | Grade 4 |
| Diagnosis of Grade 4 | survivial time may be measured in week |
| Benign | primary tumor will not metasisize |
| Oligodendrolglia tumors are located | slow growing, and locating in lobes of brain--rather than in diencephalon or basal ganglia |
| Characteristics of Oligodendroglia tumors | drak round nuclei centered w/ in clear cytoplasm (yolk of fried egg) |
| Tumor associated w/ Satellitosis | Oligoden--is enlarged clusters around neurons and nodules beneath pia |
| Ependymomas | tumors of epithelial and ependymal cells |
| Empendymomas are located in | ventricular spaces or brain and central canal |
| Ependymomas and children | found in 4th ventricles |
| Ependymomas and adults | located in spinal canal |
| Tumors more readily removed | ependymomas |
| Tumors categorized as lymphomas | Microglia |
| Lymphomas common in | HIV or organ tansplant receipenints (immunodeficincy ) |
| Lymphomas are | family of neoplasms concsists of bone-marrow derived B, and thumus T |
| Common Tumor in Children | Medullablastomas |
| Medullablastomas arise in | cerebellar hemispheres |
| Tumor that has unrestrained growth of ebryonal cells | medullablastomas |
| Medullablastoms need to be treated | aggresively b/c spread quickly along surface of brain and spinal cord |
| Benign Primary Tumors | Meningionma and Schwannoma |
| Characterictics of Beign Tumors | covered with fibrous vascularized capsule, and grow push against brain tissue |
| Secondary Tumors | start somewhere else, and now are in somewhere else |
| Arise from malignat cells that orginate outside the NS | Metastic Brain tumors |
| Growth pattern of metastatic tumors | different than primary |
| How metastic cells get in brain | break away from primary tumor, and travel the blood to brain, and are lodged at arteriolar branch pts, junctions gray/white matter), use enzymes to leave vasulature, and grow in brain |
| Lung carcinoma | most common primary tumor to secondarily involve the brain |
| Breast carcinoma spread to | spread to dura or brain tissue |
| Prostate carcinoma spread to | ability to spread to spinal cord |
| CNS develops from primitive | ectoderm |
| Develop beings with | a few dozen cells |
| Brain at birth | 800g |
| Brain wt @ adult | 1600g |
| Most neurons undergo last divison @ | prior to bith |
| 3 processes to reach a fully functional CNS | 1. Division of nerve cells 2, migration 3 formation of synaptic conncetions |
| Are most congenital defects lethal | YES |
| Basic formation of CNS takes is complete | 6 weeks |
| What takes place during 2nd Trimester | Cellular proliferation and migration |
| Peaks during 3rd Trimester | Myelination, but continue to adulthood |
| Development of synaptic connections | deals with functional maturity and continues throughout life |
| Neural groove appears | posterior aspect of trilaminar embryo |
| 3 steps of Neural Tube development | 1 appears on triaminar embryo 2 groove deepens and yileds neural folds at lateral margins of neural plate 3 Neural folds elevate, and form neural tube |
| This folding of neural tube takes place | @ what will be cervical levels of spinal cord |
| Last point @ which neural tube closes | Anter @ Posterio Neuropores |
| After formation of neural tube what appears | 3 layers 1.Ventricular 2 Marginal 3 Intermediate |
| Ventricular Zone appears | Appears 1st |
| Marginal Zone contains | no cell bodies, and be invaded by axons from intermediate |
| Intermediate Zone | The cell bodies brea away from ventricular zone, adn give rise to postmitoic neurons |
| Subventicular Zone forms | between venticular and intermediate zones |
| Cells of Subventricular give rise to | Macroglial cells of CNS, and nuerons in braintem and forebrain |
| Embronic disc is composed of | ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm |
| Neuroectroderm gives rise to | brain, spinal cord and PNS |
| What Notochord arises from | axial mesoderm @ 16 days |
| The notochod define the | longitudinal axis of embryo and orientation of vertebral column, and b/c nucleus pulposus @ intervertebral discs |
| Notochord produces | Cell adhsion molecules |
| Cell Adhesion molecules go | diffuse into neural plate, and joing primitive neuroepithelial cells |
| What is Neurulation | CNS develops from neural tubes |
| 2 Nuerulation Processes | Primary and Secondary Neurulation |
| Primary Neurulation is | neural plate--neural tube, gives rise to Brain and Spinal cord--to lumbar |
| Secondary Neurlation is | Caudal portion of neural tube gives rise to sacral and coccygeal levels of spinal cord |
| Neurulation is brought about by | nduerblasts--future neurons in ventricular zone |
| Dysraphic defects | malformations due to defective neurulation |
| Reducing incidence of neural tube defects | folic acid |
| Most dysraphic disorder occur | anterior and posterior neuropores |
| Failure of anterior neuropore | anencephaly |
| 1st neural tissue of brain appears | @ end of 3rd week of embronic development |
| When How cells being to migrate aways from ventricular surface | on transient glial cells guides--radial glia |
| Radial glia help | break off and migrate from the ventricular surface |
| How the intermediate zone forms | radial glia |
| What plays a role in induction? | Notochord |
| What is induction? | directing overlying ectoderm to form neural plate |
Created by:
talkglitter2486