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PATH375 - Ch13
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acute nephritic syndrome (1) definition + agent (2) symptoms 5x | |
| Nephrotic syndrome (1) definition (2) symptoms 2x (3) cause 5x (4) results 2x | |
| Acute renal failure (1) definition (2) symptoms - electrolyte disturbances (2) causes 3x (3) treatment, reversible? - if not? | |
| Chronic renal failure (1) definition (2) stages 4x (3) treatment | |
| Group A streptococcus | (blank) |
| hypoalbuminemia | (blank) |
| minimal change glomerulonephritis | (blank) |
| mebranous glomerulonephritis | (blank) |
| membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis | (blank) |
| focal segmental glomerulosclerosis | (blank) |
| systemic disease (diabetes mellitus, SLE) | (blank) |
| diabetes mellitus | (blank) |
| SLE | (blank) |
| prone to infections and thrombi | (blank) |
| acute decreased urine production | (blank) |
| electrolyte disturbances | (blank) |
| dialysis or transplant | (blank) |
| prerenal | (blank) |
| what is prerenal cause of acute renal failure? | conguestive heart failure |
| what is renal cause of acute renal failure? | acute glomerulonephritis |
| what is postrenal cause of acute renal failure? | ureteric stones (obstruction) |
| insidious decrease in renal function due to damaged kidneys | (blank) |
| diminished renal reserve | (blank) |
| renal insufficiency | (blank) |
| renal failure | (blank) |
| end stage renal failure | (blank) |
| end stage kidney | appearance of a terminally damaged kidney |
| Describe structure of urinary tract | 4x + details |
| ureters - location | (blank) |
| bladders - location | (blank) |
| urethra - location | (blank) |
| glomeruli - location | (blank) |
| tubules - location | (blank) |
| loops of Henle - location | (blank) |
| collecting tubes - location | (blank) |
| calices | (blank) |
| pelvis | (blank) |
| transitional type epithelium | (blank) |
| What are the functions of urinary tract? 5x | (blank) |
| urine - definition | (blank) |
| what is the normal amount (Litres) of urine per day? | (blank) |
| filtration barrier of glomeruli structure: (3 layers) | (blank) |
| renin | (blank) |
| erythropoietin | (blank) |
| regulates body's salt and water | (blank) |
| maintain acid-base balance of plasma | (blank) |
| urea | (blank) |
| creatinine | (blank) |
| oliguria | (blank) |
| anuria | (blank) |
| polyuria | (blank) |
| hematuria | (blank) |
| proteinuria | (blank) |
| How many glomerular disease did we study? | (blank) |
| Glomerular disease classification & list | (blank) |
| Glomerular diseases syndromes (5x) - 4? | (blank) |
| Minimal change glomerulopathy (1) definition (2) cause (3) risk group (4) treatment (5) recur? | (blank) |
| lipoid nephrosis | (blank) |
| corticosteriods | (blank) |
| Primary membranous nephropathy (1) definition (2) cause (3) risk group (4) treatment (5) time-left? | most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults |
| diffuse (membranous) thickening of glomerular basement membrane | (blank) |
| Acute glomerulonephritis (1) definition (2) on-set time (3) symptoms 6x (4) recovery rate - children / adult (chart) | Grp A strep 90% case -> immune stuck glomerulus |
| Group A Streptococcal infection | (blank) |
| strep throat / strep skin | (blank) |
| classic nephritic picture | fever, nausea, oliguria, hematuria, proteinuria (mild), peri-orbital edema |
| diabetes mellitus & kidney (1) definition (2) damage to body 4x (3) treatment | (blank) |
| insulin | (blank) |
| hyperglycemia | (blank) |
| glomerulosclerosis | (blank) |
| arteriosclerosis | (blank) |
| pyelonephritis | (blank) |
| papillary necrosis | (blank) |
| What is the first indication of renal damage in diabetes mellitus? | albumin in urine |
| in a patient with diabetes mellitus, if found albumin in urine, it means... | kidney damage |
| What are the three congenital disorders we've studied about the kidney? | (blank) |
| Adult polycystic kidney disease (1) definition (2) results (3) bilateral? unilateral? (4) risk group | (blank) |
| Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (1) definition (2) results (3) bilateral? unilateral? | (blank) |
| Cystic renal dysplasia (1) definition (2) bilateral? unilateral? (3) risk group | (blank) |
| What is the most common inherited disease of the kidney? | (blank) |
| What is the most common nephrotic syndrome in adults? | (blank) |
| What is the most common nephrotic syndrome in children? | (blank) |
| Acute pyelonephritis (1) definition (2) routes (3) predisposing factors 4x (4) treatment | (blank) |
| What is the most common route of bacteria to acute pyelonephritis? How many %? | ascending, 85% |
| What is the major type of bacteria that cause (1) ascending (2) hematogenous spread of acute pyelonephritis? | (-) e. coli (+) |
| bladder obstruction | (blank) |
| urinary stones | (blank) |
| vesicoureteral reflux | (blank) |
| pregnancy | (blank) |
| Renal stones (1) definition (2) rate (3) types 4x (4) symptoms | (blank) |
| calcium stones (1) probable cause (2) can be seen on.. (3) rate | (blank) |
| X-ray can see which type of renal stone? | calcium |
| Which is the most common stone? | calcium |
| What is one possible cause of calcium stone? | (blank) |
| hypercalcemia can cause... | (blank) |
| struvite stone (1) comes when... | chronic urinary tract infection |
| chronic urinary tract infection ... can lead to... | (blank) |
| renal colic | (blank) |
| pyelonephritis | (blank) |
| cystitis | (blank) |
| hematogenous spread | (blank) |
| sepsis | (blank) |
| ascending infection | urethra to bladder |
| Acute tubular necrosis (1) definition (2) cause (3) result (4) treatment | (blank) |
| renal tubular cells | (blank) |
| Benign nephrosclerosis (1) definition (2) result | (blank) |
| ischemic damage to glomeruli | Benign nephrosclerosis |
| hypertension @ kidney: how many types? | 2: systemic & malignant |
| systemic hypertension @ kidney (1) results | fibrinoid necrosis of vessel walls |
| fibrinoid necrosis of vessel walls @ kidney | systemic hypertension @ kidney |
| malignant hypertension (1) definition (2) results | (1) sudden & large increase in bp (2) damage renal arterioles |
| How many ways can circulatory changes affect the kidney? | 3x ABH (1) sudden drop bp (2) ischemic (3) [sudden] increase bp |
| How many renal neoplasms did we study? | 3 |
| Renal Cell Carcinoma (1) definition - m/b ; tissue (2) rate (3) symptoms 4x (4) cause (5) survival rate (6) Prognosis: Good when... Bad when... | (blank) |
| Renal epithelial cells... cancer is... | (blank) |
| the most common renal tumor is... | (blank) |
| the cause of renal cell carcinoma is sporadic... due to... ? in how many % patients? | (blank) |
| loss of 1 allele of a tumor suppressor gene | renal cell carcinoma |
| paraneoplastic syndrome of renal cell carcinoma is... | hypercalcemia |
| paraneoplastic syndrome of renal cell carcinoma is hypercalcemia... because... | parathyroid hormone related peptide |
| parathyroid hormone related peptide | hypercalcemia, renal cell carcinoma |
| invasion of renal vein or perinephric fat | bad prognosis for renal cell carcinoma |
| renal vein | renal cell carcinoma |
| perinephric fat | renal cell carcinoma |
| Wilm's tumor (1) definition b/m ; tissue (2) rate (3) cause (4) risk group / age of discovery (5) Treament | (blank) |
| primitive renal tissue... cancer is...? | (blank) |
| blastema ... cancer is...? | (blank) |
| blastema | (blank) |
| What is the most common solid tumor of children? | (blank) |
| (Renal) Transitional cell carcinoma (1) definition b/m ; tissue (2) grade h/l (3) appearance | (blank) |
| transitional epithelial cells in renal pelvis.... cancer is...? | (blank) |
| exophytic tumor | (blank) |
| Bladder infection (1) cause (2) rate m/f (3) increased frequency if...3x | (blank) |
| What are the 3 causes of bladder infections? | bacteria (gram - :e. coli, proteus) ; worms (schistosomiasis) ; virus (CMV, only in immunocompromised) |
| E. coli | (1) kidney infection (2) bladder infection |
| Proteus | (blank) |
| Why is bladder infection more common in females? | (blank) |
| BPH (1) definition (2) leads to...? | benign prostatic hypertrophy: non-malignant enlargement of prostate gland... chronic cystitis |
| Schistosomiasis | bladder worm |
| Egypt | Schistosomiasis |
| CMV | bladder virus... only in immunocompromised |
| How many bladder tumors did we study? | 1 |
| (bladder) Transitional cell carcinoma (1) definition m/b ; tissue (2) Rate (3) symptoms 3x (4) risk factors 3x (5) Appearance (6) Low grade if.. High grade if... (7) Focal (8) Treatment | (blank) |
| transitional epithelium @ bladder ... cancer is....? | (blank) |
| what is the most common urinary tract malignancy? | (blank) |
| dysuria | (blank) |
| aniline dyes | (blank) |
| exophytic papillary tumor @ bladder | bladder tumor, low grade |
| sessile tumor @ bladder | high grade |
| multifocal @ bladder | tumor |
| peri-orbital edema | classic nephritic picture (one of) |
| insidious | sneaky, gradual |
| flank pain | (blank) |
| catheter | increase bladder infections |
Created by:
subaru