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Bio Test One
Intro to Bio, Water, and Scientific reasoning and data
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the first major process of the dynamics of an ecosystem? | 1. Cycling of nutrients, minerals gotten by plants return to soil. |
| What is the second major process? | 2) Flow of energy from sunlight to producers to consumers |
| Nucleotides: | The alphabet of inheritance; four kinds exist |
| What are the two characteristics all cells share: | 1) Enclosed by a membrane 2)Use DNA for genetic information |
| Reductionism: | REducing complex systems to simpler components easier to study |
| Systems Bio: | Seeks to model dynamic behavior of whole biological systems |
| What are the three key research developments in Biology? What sort of studies? | 1) Bioinformatics 2) High-throughput technology--DNA sequencing machines 3)Research teams--melting pots of scientists |
| What's the song to remember the classifications of life: | Dear King Phil Could Order Five Grape Sodas |
| What are the three domains of Life: | Bacteria, Archea, and Eucharia |
| What are the contents of Domain Eukarya: | Protists, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia |
| Protists; | Unicellular eukaryotes |
| Fungi: | Decompose organic materia and absorb their nutrients |
| Plantae: | Multicellular eukaryotes that do photosynthesis |
| Animalia: | Consists of multicellular eukaryotes that ingest other organisms |
| What are Darwin's two main points? | 1) Descent with modification 2) Natural Selection |
| What are the two main processes of scientific inquiry? | Discovery Science--describing nature 2) Hypothesis Science--Explaining Nature |
| Induction: | Generalizations based on a large number of observations |
| Hypothesis: | An educated guess that can be tested and falsified |
| Deductive reasoning: | General to specific |
| By how many factors do the experimental and control groups differ? | 1 factor the experiment is designed to test |
| What percent of cells are made of water? | 70-95% |
| What kinds of bonds join hydrogen to oxygen in single water? | polar covalent |
| What are the four emergent properties of water? | 1)cohesion 2)moderator of temperature 3)Expansion upon freezing 4)versatility as a solvent |
| Cohesion: | A substance bonds to itself to keep it together |
| Adhesion: | Clinging of a substance to another substance--water adheres to cell wall to counter gravity |
| How does water moderate temperature | absorbs heat from air that is warmer and releasing stored heat to air that is colder |
| Specific heat: | Amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1g of that substance to change its temp by 1oC |
| Bond breaking releases or absorbs energy: | Absorbs energy |
| Vaporization: | Heat a liquid must absorb for 1g to go from liquid to gas state |
| What is an example of evaporative cooling: | Sweating |
| How many water molecules can a water molecule be bonded to? | Four |
| Mole: | represents the exact number of molecules of a substance in a given mass |
| Molarity: | Moles per liter, unit of concentration |
| What are the four main classes of macromolecules: | 1) Lipids, Proteins, Carbs, and nucleic acids |
| Polymers: | Chain-like molecules that make up carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids |
| Polymer: | Long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks linked by covalent bonds |
| Monemers: | The repeating units that serve as the building blocks of polymers |
| Dehydration: | Monomers form larger molecules |
| Hydrolysis | Breaks down polymers |
| Carbs: | serves as fuel and building material for the body--both sugars and polymers of sugars |
| Polymers are componsed of monosac/disac/polysac? | Polysacs |
| What do the carbon skeletons serve as of monosaccharides? | building materials of the synthesis of other types of small organic molecules |
| What joins two monosacharides: | Glycosidic linkage--a covalent bond formed by a dehydration reaction |
| Starch: | Storage polysaccheride of plants |
| How can sugar be withdrawn from startch? | Hydrolysis reaction |
| Glocegen: | The form in which animals store polysaccharides, a polymer of glucose that is branched |
| Where is glycogen mainly in humans? | In liver and muscle cells |
| Similarity between glycogen and stach: | Glycogen consists of glucose monomers and is the major storage form of glucose in ANIMALS, starch is the major storage unit in plants |
| Cellulose: | A polymer of glucose, like startch |
| Chitin: | A structural polysaccharide used as surgical thread, similar to cellulose |
Created by:
talkglitter2486