| Question |
Answer |
| AML,MO |
ACUTE MYELOGENOUS WITHOUT MATURATION, UNDIFFERENTIATED BLASTS |
| AML,M1 |
ACUTE, MYELOGENOUS WITH MINIMAL MATURATION,PRODOMINANCE OF MYELOBLASTS,AUER ACUTE MYELOGENOUS WITH MINIMAL MATURATION,PROMINANCE OF MYEOBLASTS,WITH MINIMAL MATURATION. AUER RODS,SOME PROMYELOCYTES AND PSEUDO |
| AML,M2 |
ACUTE MYELOGENOUS WITH MATURATION,MYEOBLASTS PREDOMINATE.SOME NMATURE BEYOND PROMYELOCYTE. AUER RODS MOST COMMON TYPE OF AML, MYEOBLAST PROMINANT |
| AML,M3 |
ACUTEN PROMYELOCYTE IS PREDOMINANT CELL. MYELOBLASTS AND MYELOCYTES PRESENT.AUER RODS &DIC. UNCOMMON |
| AML,M4 |
ACUTE MYELOMONOCYTIC,EARLY MYELOGENOUS CELLS AND 20% MONOCYTIC. BLASTS HAVE INDENTED AND CONVULUTED NUCLEI.AUER RODS % PSEUDO PELGER HUET.SECOND MOST COMMON GRANULOCYTES. ADULTS OVER 50 |
| AML,M5 |
ACUTE MONOCYTIC, A TYPE : PREDOMINATELY MONOBLASTS. b types: PROMONOCYTES AND MONOCYTES. UNCOMMON |
| EL,M6 |
ACUTE ERYTHOLEUKEMIA, ERYTHROBLASTS WITH MEGALOBLASTOID CHANGES & OTHER DYSPLASTIC FEATURES,MYEOBLASTS AND PROMYELOCYTES. AUER RODS ARE PRESENT. GRANULOCYTES,MONOCYTES |
| MegL,M7 |
ACUTE MEGAKARYOBLASTIC, PROLIFERATION OF MEGAKARYOBLASTS AND ATYPICAL MEGAKARYOCYTES.MEGAKARYOCYTES FRAGMENTS MAY BE SEEN IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD. UNCOMMON |
| L1 |
SMALL CELL HOMOGENOUS,SMALL LYMPHOBLASTS WITH SCANTY CYTOPLASM. ROUND NUCLEI WITH OCCASIONAL CLEFTING,HOMOGENOUS CHROMATIN, INCONSPICUOUS NUCLEOLI, MOST COMMON IN CHILDREN |
| L2 |
LARGE CELL HETEROGENOUS, HETROGENOUS LARGE LYMPHOBLASTS WITH NUCLEAR CLEFTING AND INDENTATION. FOUND IN OLDER CHILREN AND ADULTS |
| L3 |
BURKITT TYPE,L3N SECONDARY TO BURKITT. UNIFORM POPULATION OF LARGE LYMPHOBLASTS WITH DEEPLY,BAOSOPHILIC CYTOPLASM,VACUOLES, AND ROUND TO OVAL NUCLEI WITHOUT INDENTATIONS. |
| T lymphocytes |
SURVIVE MONTHS TO YEARS |
| B-LYMPHOCYTES |
SURVIVE A FEW DAYS |
| Lymphopoiesis |
BONE MARROW AND THYMUS |
| SECONDARY TISSUE |
Lymphs, spleen and Peyer’s patch in the intestine |
| LYMPHOCYTE RECIRCULATION |
Lymphs move between the blood and lymphoid tissue |
| SUBGROUPS OF LYMPHOCYTES |
T CELLS,B CELLS |
| LYMPHOCYTES ARE PRODUCED IN THE |
Lymphopoiesis: Bone Marrow and ThymusSecondary Tissue: Lymphs, spleen and Peyer’s patch in the intestine |
| LYMPHOBLASTS |
Size: 15-20microns N:C: 4:1 Shape: round or ovalNucleoli: 1-2 Chromatin: delicateCytoplasm: medium blue, dark rim, no granules |
| PROLYMPHOCYTE |
Size: 15-18microns N:C: 4or3:1 Shape: oval & may be indentedNucleoli: 0-1 Chromatin: Sl. condensedCytoplasm: medium blue with thin dark rim |
| MATURE LYMPHOCYTE |
Size: 6-9 17-20 N:C: 2:1 Shape: round/ovalNucleoli: 0 Chromatin: dense/clumpedCytoplasm: may have granules |
| VARIANT OR REACTIVE LYMPHOCYTE |
ATYPICAL LYMPHOCYTES. DOWNEY CELLS,REACTIVE OR TRANSFORMED LYMPHOCYTES,LYMPHOCYTOID OR PLASMACYTOID LYMPHOCYTES AND VIROCYTES.THESE CELLS MAY BE FOUND IN INFEC MONO, VIRAL PONEUMONIA, AND VIRAL HEPITITIS. |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIANT LYMPHOCYTES |
Increased sizeNucleus enlargedLobulated, clefts, notches, foldsFine to granular chromatin1-3 nucleoliFoamy or vacuolated cytoplasmGray to light blue to dark cytoplasm colorGranules present |
| CYTOKINE |
CHEMICAL MESSANGER/MIF migration inhibition factorMigration in delayed type hypersensitivity reactionIL-2 T cell growth factorStimulates T cell proliferationChemotactic FactorAttracts granulocytes to the affected areasIL-1 Activates T cel |
| WHAT CELL IN THE LYMPHOCYTIC SERIES RELEASES ANTIBODIES |
B CELL |
| WHAT IS WHOOPING COUGH |
B. PERTUSIS: INFLAMMATION OF THE ENTIRE REPIRATORY TRACT(COLD AND COUGH WITH NECK AND BACK PAIN) TOTAL WBC COUNT INCREASED AND SMALL MATURE LYMPHS-CHARACTERISTIC COUGH |
| DESCRIBE HIV |
HIV/AIDS- LASTS MAY MONTHS TO YEARS- S&S- MILD CHRONIC LYMPHADENOPATHY-FLU LIKE SYMPTOMS, NEUROLOGICAL COMPLAINTS/EXTREME WEIGHT LOSS-MALIGNANT KAPOSI SARCOMA- HERPES VIRUSES-PNEUMOCYSTIS-CRYPTOSPORIDIA,H. capsulatum |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF SLE |
CLASSIC MODEL OF AN AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER- INVOLVES JOINTS,CONNECTIVE TISSUE,COLLAGEN VASCULAR TISSUE DISORDERS |
| SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SLE |
WEIGHT LOSS-FEVER-MALAISE-ARTHRALGIA AND ERYTHEATOSUS-EVENTUALLY KIDNEY INVOLVEMENT |
| LAB TESTS FOR SLE |
ANTIBODIES-LE PREP, ANA |
| INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS |
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS-USUALLY ASYMPTOMATIC-EXTREME FATIGUE- SORE THROAT-FEVER-CHILLS-MALAISE-CERVICAL LYMPHADENOPATHY |
| HOW IS INFEC MONO DIAGNOSED |
ANTIBODY OR AGGLUTINATION(horse erythrocytes) |
| LAB CHARACTERISTICS OF INFEC MONO |
MONONUCLEAR CELLS; TYPICAL RELATIVE LYMPHOCYTOSIS FROM 60-90% VARIANT 5-30%- ANTI- i CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT ANTIBODY ASSOCIATTED WITH INFEC MONO |
| CMV IS |
MEMBER OF THE HERPES VIRUS FAMILY-TRANSMITTED ORAL, RESPIRATORY, AND VENEREAL ROUTES- ORGAN AND BLOOD TRANSPLANTS(IN UTERO) |
| CMV IS FATAL TO |
CHILDREN AND IMMUNOCOMPRIMISED PTS-ADULTS ARE ASYMPTOMATIC |
| CMV CAN BE DIAGNOSED BY |
URINE OR BLOOD:CHARACTERISTIC LEUKOCYTOSIS/SL. LYMPHOCYTOSIS AND ABNORMAL LIVER FUNCTION |
| SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CMV |
SORE THROAT-FEVER CHILLS-PROFOUND MALAISE-MYALGIA |
| TOXOPLASMOSIS gondii TISSUE COCCIDIA |
HUMAN INFECTIONS ARE COMMON AROUND THE WORLD. DEFINITIE HOST-HOUSE CAT/TRANSFUSIOB ASSOCIATED TRANSMISSION: LEUKOCYTE CONCENTRATES/AT RISK- IMMUNOCOMPRIMISED AND CORTICOSTEROID USERS. IN UTERO TRANS= PROBLEMS. |
| IF LEFT UNTREATED IN NEWBORNS T. GONDII |
CAN CAUSE- CHORIORENTINITIS-UNILATERAL BLINDNESS AND NEURO PROBLEMS |
| SYMPTOMS OF T. gondii |
ASYMPTOMATIC OR CAN MIMIC INFEC MONO |
| WHAT IS THE LAB DATA FOR T gondii |
SEROLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF ELEVATED ANTIBODIES,INCREASE VARIANT LYMPHS, IT IS DIFFICULT TO CULTURE |
| INFECTIOUS MONO IS CAUSED BY |
EBV AND BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA TUMOR OF THE LYMPHOID TISSUE |
| HOW IS INFEC MONO TRANSMITTED |
BY CLOSE OROPHARYNGEAL SECREATIONS |
| WHEN DOES A PERSON BECOME IMMUNE TO INFEC MONO |
AFTER PRIMARY EXPOSURE-90% OF ADULTS DEMONSTRATE ANTIBODIES |
| INFECTIOUS MONO IS USUALLY A MINOR ILLNESS EXCEPT FOR |
IMMUNOCOMPRIMISED PTS |
| GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LEUKEMIA |
ANEMIA-BLEEDING, INFILTRATIOIBN BY CELLULAR ELEMENTS. TOTAL WBC COUNT- INCREASED AND DECREASED. THROMBOCYTOPENIA.70 % OF ADULT PTS DIE FROM INFECTION-DEATH OCCURS WITHIN 3MNTHS IF UNTREATED.REMISSION-90%CHILDREN, 70%ADULTS.BEST-HANCE-AGGR. TRTMNT 1ST DIAG |
| CATAGORIES OF LEUKEMIA |
ACUTE NONLYMPHOBLASTIC (MYELOGENOUS)LEUKEMIAS ANLL. ACUTE LYPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIAS-ALL |
| WHAT IS THE FAB CLASSIFICATION BASED ON |
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS,PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR,CYTOCHEMICAL STAINING, MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND FLOW CYTOMETRY |
| GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MYELOID NEOPLASMS |
NEOPLASTIC DISEASES IN WHICH A CLONAL ABNORMAL STEM CELL OVERTAKES NORMAL MARROW ELEMENTS AND FILLS THE MARROW WITH ABNORMAL HEMATOPIOESIS-MAY BE EFFECTIVE,INEFFECTIVE-BLASTIC |
| ACUTE NONLYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIAS |
AML-MO-NOT OTHERWISE CLASSIFIED IN OTHER GROUPS.INCREASE IN THE # OF CELLS IN THE BM AND ARREST IN MATURATION.UNDIFFERENTIATED BLASTS. |
| AML-M1 |
ACUTE MYELOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA W/O MATURATION-SYMPTOMS RESEMBLE INFECTION-ANEMIA AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA. PREDOMINANCE OF MYEOBLASTS. |
| LEUKMIA VERSES LYMPHOMA |
MYELOGENOUS OR LYMPHATIC CELLS. LYMPHOMA-LYMPHOCYTES ONLY-LYMPH NODES OR BONE TISSUE. |
| CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIAS |
1. ACUTE OR CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS 2. ACUTE OR CHRONIC MONOCYTIC 3.ACUTE OR CHRONIC MYELOCYTIC 4.ACUTE OR CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC.EOSINOPHILIC,BASOPHILIC,STEM CELL |
| TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR LEUKEMIA |
RADIATION-ADRENOGLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS-ANTIFOLATE-OTHER DRUGS |
| FACTORS OR CAUSES OF LEUKEMIAS |
ONCOGENES-ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE-CHEMICAL AND DRUG EXP-INFECTIOUS AGENTS |
| ONCOGENE |
SINGLE MUTATION,DAMAGE TO DNA OF CRITICAL GENE IN CELL-ALTERED VERSIONS OF NORMAL CELLS |
| PROTO-ONCOGENES |
REGULATE GROWTH IN NORMAL CELLS-PRECURSER OF ONCO GENES |
| MOST COMMON TYPE OF LEUKEMIA IN CHILDREN |
ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA-ALL |
| LYMPHOMA |
TUMOR OF THE LYMPHNODES |
| LIFE THREATENING COMPLICATIONS OF CHEMO |
INFECTION, BLEEDING, LEUKEMIC INFILTRATION OF ORGANS,METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES,HYPERLEUKOCYTOSIS |
| ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA FAB-1 |
ALTHOUGH A TRANSLOCATION HAS BEEN OBSERVED IN AML(FAB-1)IT IS NOT A SPECIFIC MARKER.ERYTHROBLASTIC LEUKEMIA(FAB-6)A SPECIFIC MARKER HAS NOT BEEN IDENTIFIED |
| ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA FAB-2 |
APPROX. 10% OF PATIENTS WITH FAB M2 HAVE TRANSLOCATION BTWEEN THE LONG ARMS OF CHROMOSOMES 8&21-ASSOCIATED WITH GOOD RESPONSE TO THERAPY AND IMPROVED SURV. . TRANSLOCATION THAT IS COUPLED WITH 1 SEX CHROMOSOME,PROGNOSIS POOR |
| THEB 8;21 ABNORMALITY IS THE MOST FREQUENTLY CHROMOSOMAL ALTERATION FOUND IN |
CHILDREN WITH AML FAB-2 |
| ACUTE PROMYELOCYTE LEUKEMIA FAB-M3 |
IN 40% OF PTS WITH APL FAB M3 A RECIPROCAL TRANSLOCATION OF 15&17 HAVE BEEN OBSERVED IN BM CELLS.ONLY SEEN IN PTS WHO HAVE FAB M3. |
| ACUTE MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA M4 |
ALTERATION OF CHROMOSOME 16 HAS BEEN DETECTED IN PTS SUFFERING FROM ACUTE MYELOMONCYTIC LEUKEMIA.MAY BE A DELETION TYPE OF DEFECT. |
| ACUTE MONOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA M5 |
TRANSLOCATION OR DELETIONS OF THE LONG ARM OF CHROMOSOME 11 COMMON.REARRANGEMENT OF LONG ARMS OF CHROMOSOME 11 IS FREQ. ASSOC. WITH CHROMOSOME 9 OR 19. NO SPECIFIC MARKERS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED |
| ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIAS ARE |
90% OF LEUKEMIAS FOUND IN CHILDREN |
| SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ALL |
FATIGUE,FEVER, INFEC,HEADACHE, NAUSEA, VOMITTING,BONE&JOINT PAIN, TISSUE INFILTRATION |
| SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA |
LEUKOCYTE COUNT ELEVATED- MOSTLY BLASTS AS WELL AS LYMPHOCYTES AND SMUDGE CELLS-CURE RATE HAS GREATELY IMPROVED |
| METHODS OF CELLULAR IDENTIFICATION |
SUDAN BLACK B-MYELOPEROXIDASE-PERIODIC ACID SCHIFF (PAS)- NAPHTHOL AS-D CHLOROACTE (NASDCA)ESTERASE,LAP,ACID PHOSPHOTASE WITH OR W/O TARTARIC ACID INHIB. |
| SUDAN BLACK B STAIN |
DETECT CELLULAR LIPIDS NOT IDENTIFIED BY WRIGHT STAIN- LIPIDS ABSORB THE PIGMENT-POSITIVE-GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA-STAINING BETTER WITH MORE MATURE NEUTROPHILS-MONO VARIABLE-LTMPH-NEG/DIFF-ALL FR- AML |
| MYELOPEROXIDASE STAIN |
IS FOUND IN THE GRANULES OF MYELOID AND MONOCYTOID CELLS-POSITIVE REACTION PRODUCE BLACK PRECIPITATE-POS FOR MYELOID AND MONOCYTOID-PARALELLS SUDAN BLACK B REACTIONS-DIFF- AML AND ACUTE MONCYTIC FROM ALL |
| PERIODIC ACID SCHIFF (PAS) |
POS-GLYCOGEN AND GLYCOL CONTAINING CARB.(STAINS MAGENTA PURPLE)2 STEPS-1. OXIDATION(PERIOEDIC ACID)2.SCHIFF STAIN. POS-NEUTROPHILIC GRAN-MEGAKARYOCYTES/BLASTS,ERYTHROCYTES IN ERYTHROLEUKEMIA M6. FOUND IN NEUTROPHILS(HIGH ENERGY USE) |
| ESTERASE STAIN |
DIFF NEUTROPHILIC GRANULOCYTES AND MONOCYTIC CELL LINES-NASDCA POS IN GRANULOCYTIC LINEAGE-PROMONOS AND MATURE MONOS MAY BE POS-MONOBLAST-NEG/WEAKLY POS OR NEG FOR GRANULOCYTES/POS FOR ALL OTHER CELLS |
| PHOSPHATE STAINS |
ALKALINE PHOSPHATE/BLUE OR VIOLET ST REFLECT THE SITES OF GRANULOCYTIC ALK. PHOS ACT. DIFF CML FROM LEUKEMOID REAC-BACT INFECT-PREG |
| PHOSPHATE STAINS 2 |
ACID PHOSPHOTASE- MAROON PRECIPITATE AT CELLULAR SITES OF ACID PHOS. ACT./MONOS STAIN MORE INTENSE THAN NEUTROPHILS/DIFF ALL/T CELLS STAIN INTENSE/B CELLS POS OR NEG |
| CYTOCHEMICAL STAIN DISTINGUISH CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CELLS |
THROUGH THE USE OF COLOR REACTION |
| ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIAN IS CHARACTERIZED BY |
by a proL. of immaT. lymphoid cells,lymphoblasts,which doN'T mat into normal lymphS. Mat. lymph help the body fight infec.Instead, the body manuf. large #'S of lymphoblasts that crowd out healthy white and RBC'S and plTS, making the body less able to fig |
| SUBTYPE MO CCONSISTS OF |
UNDIFF MYELOID BLASTS |
| UNIQUE CHARACTERICS OF M1-M4 |
THE POSSESION OF GRANULOCYTIC DIFFERENTIATION WITH VARYING DEGREES OF MATURATION |
| M4 REPRESENTS |
A COMBINATION OF MYELOGENOUS AND MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIAS |
| M5 IS DESIGNATED CATAGORIES FOR |
MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIAS WITH ADDITIONAL SUBCATAGORIES |
| M6 CATAGORY IS RESERVED FOR |
ERYTHROLEUKEMIAS AN ABNORMALITY OF BOTH ERYTHROCYTIC AND MYELOGENOUS CELL LINES |
| M7 IS THE DESIGNATION FOR |
MEGAKARYOCYTIC LEUKEMIAS |
| NMONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES ARE HELPFU; IN |
CLASSIFICATIONS OF ACUTE LEUKEMIAS |
Cardio Block2anatomy
