| Question |
Answer |
| biology (bi/o + -logy) |
the study of life |
| botany |
the study of plants |
| zoology (zo/o + -logy) |
the study of animals |
| geophysics, geology, geodesy, meteorology, planetary magnetism, oceanography |
earth sciences |
| geodesy (ge/o + desy) |
the study of the size of the earth |
| chemistry |
the study of matter |
| the divisions of the sciences |
life, earth, physical |
| physics |
the study of the forces of matter and energy |
| scientific problem solving |
the scientific method |
| the five (5) steps collectively known as the scientific method |
observation, hypothesis, experiment, theory, law or principle |
| homeostasis |
balanced internal environment |
| the unity principle |
all living species share common characteristics |
| protoplasm |
basic living substance |
| enzyme |
speeds up chemical reactions |
| replicate |
to make an exact copy |
| metabolism |
biochemical activities |
| adaptation |
survival trait |
| species |
the basic unit of classification among living things; a group of similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring |
| life functions |
the 8 activities necessary to sustain life |
| the eight (8) activities necessary for life |
nutrition, circulation, respiration, excretion, synthesis, regulation, growth, reproduction |
| nutrition |
ingestion, digestion, assimilation |
| nutrients (Nachooo :P) |
food molecules or particles |
| ingestion |
taking in food |
| digestion |
changing nutrients into forms usable to a cell |
| assimilation |
changing nutrients into protoplasm |
| circulation |
movement of fluid within the body |
| respiration |
breathing and cellular respiration |
| breathing |
air moving into the lungs or water moving over the gills; O2 moves into the blood and CO2 moves out of the blood |
| cellular respiration |
releasing energy from glucose (sugar) |
| excretion |
removal of respiratory waste products; performed by lungs, skin, kidneys |
| synthesis |
building small molecules into bigger ones |
| amino acids |
protein building blocks |
| hormone |
chemical messenger; produced by endocrine glands |
| regulation |
control and coordination |
| body systems that coordinate |
the nervous and endocrine systems |
| auxins |
regulate plant growth and development |
| growth |
increase in cell size and number |
| mitosis |
type of cell division that produces offspring |
| reproduction |
producing new life |
| the two (2) kinds of reproduction |
asexual and sexual |
| asexual reproduction |
offspring created with one parent |
| chromosome |
small "body" in a nucleus made of genes |
| sexual reproduction |
offspring created with two parents |
| gamete |
sex cell |
| cell |
basic unit of life |
| organelle |
little organ within a cell |
| cell membrane |
plasma membrane; holds the cell together and allows selective passage |
| selective passage |
controlling what goes in and out of a cell |
| cytoplasm |
cellular living substance |
| nucleus |
control center organelle |
| endoplasmic reticulum |
transportation organelle |
| ribosome |
protein synthesis organelle |
| golgi body |
golgi apparatus; storage organelle |
| mitochondrion |
cellular respiration or powerhouse organelle |
| lysosome |
enzyme releasing organelle |
| genes |
genetic information responsible for hereditary traits passing from parent to offspring |
| cell wall |
the outer part of the plant cell |
| cellulose |
makes up the cell wall |
| chlorophyll |
contain chloroplasts; participates in photosynthesis |
| photosynthesis |
converts sun energy into nutrients |
| flagella or cilia |
functions in movement |
| compound |
made of two or more substances |
| inorganic |
not made of C; water, mineral salts |
| organic |
made of C; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| carbohydrate |
organic compound with a H:O = 2:1 which means it's an energy source |
| glucose |
carbohydrate made of C6H12O6 |
| lipid |
fat; organic compound with a H:O > 2:1 which means it's > carbohydrate as an energy source |
| protein |
organic compound made of C H O N |
| nucleic acid |
organic compound made of C and H |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
organic compound that makes up genes |
| catalyst |
controls chemical reaction rates |
| meiosis |
type of cell division that produces gametes |
| fertilzation |
union of sperm and egg |
| artifical twinning |
creating clones by splitting embryos |
| plant kingdom |
includes all plant species |
| multicellular |
many-celled |
| specilization |
different cells perform different tasks |
| division of labor |
groups of cells work together to perform a life function |
| algae |
single-celled plant species that can live in fresh or salt water |
| terrestrial |
land-dwelling |
| roots |
anchor plants in the soil and absorb water and dissolved materials |
| the three (3) plant body parts |
roots, stems, leaves |
Buen Viaje lv.2 ch 8
