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pharm ch. 31

oral antidiebetic agents

answerdefinition
Glipizide (Glucatrol) 2nd gen. sulfonylurea; Type 2 DM;
glucatrol MOA; Stimulate pancreas to release insulin and transport extra glucose in the blood to the muscles, liver, and adipose tissues
Glipizide (Glucatrol) SE Agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, cholestatic jaundice; Nausea, epigastric fullness, heartburn; erythema, photosensitivity, hypoglycemia, morbilliform and maculopapular eruptions
Glipizide (Glucatrol) CI Hypoglycemic effect is increased when taken w/ alcohol, steroids, beta-blockers, MAOIs, oral anticoagulants, sulfonamides; contraindicated in pts w/ hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas,and juvenile diabetes; cautious use with geriatrics; cardiac/renal/hepa
Metformin (Glucophage) class and indication Biguanide - for type2 DM
Metformin (Glucophage) MOA Inhibits hepatic glucose production and increases uptake
Metformin (Glucophage) SE Ab. bloating, nausea, cramps, feeling of fullness, and diarrhea; metallic taste, reduced B12 levels
Metformin (Glucophage) CI Hypersensitivity to biguanides, hepatic/renal disease, alcoholism, or cardiopulmonary disease; pregnancy, lactation; acidosis, ketoacidosis
Acarbose (Precose) class and indic Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
Acarbose (Precose) MOA Blunts elevated blood sugar levels after a meal
Acarbose (Precose) SE Flatulence, diarrhea, ab. cramps; do NOT cause hypoglycemia like glucatrol
Acarbose (Precose) CI Hypersensitivity to alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, diabetic ketoacidosis, cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, colonic ulcerations, partial intestinal obstruction, chronic intestinal disease
Rosiglitazone (Avandia) class Thiazolidinedione
Rosiglitazone (Avandia) MOA Decrease insulin resistance – directly stimulate peripheral glucose uptake and storage and inhibit glucose and trigly. production in the liver
Rosiglitazone (Avandia) SE Weight gain, edema, mild anemia
Rosiglitazone (Avandia ) CI possible hepatic toxicity – measure ALT q treatment, q 2 months, and periodically thereafter
Nursing Process and Teaching Tips for Oral Antidiabetic Agents Take Precose with first bite of each meal.
Nursing Process and Teaching Tips for Oral Antidiabetic Agents Take Glucatrol 30 minutes q meals.
Nursing Process and Teaching Tips for Oral Antidiabetic Agents Teach pt how to measure their blood glucose level with a glucometer and perform this as ordered by the MD.
Nursing Process and Teaching Tips for Oral Antidiabetic Agents Drug interactions w/ oral antidiabetic agents include warfarin, aspirin, digoxin, insulin, diuretics, beta-blockers, CCBs, corticosteroids, Phenobarbital, sulfanamides, chloramphenicol, MAOIs, and NSAIDs.
Created by: mashechka
 

 



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