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pharm chapter 31

SC Antidiabetic Agents

answerdefinition
Aspart (Novolog) Rapid-acting, human; DM 1 & 2; Give 15 min q meals; All insulins: Never give to a hypoglycemic pt; allergy
Lispro (Humalog) - clear Onset: 5-15 min; Use--DM 1 & 2;CI-- All insulins: Never give to a hypoglycemic pt; allergy
Human Regular (Humulin R, Velosulin BR) - clear Short-acting, human; uses- DM 1 DM 1 & 2& 2Can be given IV for coma or DKA with Type 1;
Isophane Insulin Suspension (NPH, Humulin N, Novolin N) - cloudy Intermediate-acting, human;DM 1 & 2
Insulin Zinc Suspension (Lente) (Humulin L, Novolin L) Onset: 1-2 hours
Glargine (Lantus) insulin zinc suspension, extended (Ultralente, Humulin-U) - clear Long-acting, human Onset: 1-2 hours; DM 1 & 2; Glargine can be given once-daily at bedtime and MUST be given alone
NPH 70% and regular insulin 30% (Humulin 70/30, Novolin 70/30): intermediate and short –acting combo Combo Insulin Products
NPH 50% and Regular Insulin 50% (Humulin 50/50): intermediate and short –acting combo Combo Insulin Products
Insulin Lispro Protamine Suspension 75% and Insulin Lispro 25% (Humalog mix 75/25): intermediate and rapid acting combo Combo Insulin Products
Antidiabetic Side Effects CV Tachycardia, palpitations
Antidiabetic Side Effectsn CNS Headache, lethargy, tremors, weakness, fatigue, delirium, sweating
Antidiabetic Side Effects metobolic Hypoglycemia – can result in shock and death
Antidiabetic Side Effects - other Blurred vision, dry mouth, hunger, nausea, flushing, rash, urticaria, anaphylaxis
MOA for Antidiabetics replaces the insulin that is either not made at all or is made defectively in the body of a diabetic person. Exogenously administered restores the diabetic patients ability to metabolize carbohydrates, fats, and proteins; to store glucose in the liver, a
Nursing Process and Teaching Tips for Insulins Regular insulin, lispro (Humalog), and glargine (Lantus) are clear and colorless. The rest should be white opaque.
Interactions with antidiebetic dx Corticosteroids antagonize hypoglycemic effect = elevates blood sugar; Alcohol can increase insulin’s hypoglycemic effect = lowers blood sugar
Nursing Process and Teaching Tips for Insulins Teach signs of hypoglycemia: weakness, nervousness, cold and clammy skin, sweating, paleness of the skin, and shallow, rapid breathing. Notify MD if these occur.
Nursing Process and Teaching Tips for Insulins Avoid alcohol – it will make glucose drop and they will be very ill.
Nursing Process and Teaching Tips for Insulins Do not shake insulin, roll between hands instead.
Nursing Process and Teaching Tips for Insulins Only use an insulin needle – they are calibrated in units.
Nursing Process and Teaching Tips for Insulins MAOIs, alcohol, sulfa drugs, and ACE inhibitors may increase effects of insulin.
Nursing Process and Teaching Tips for Insulins Beta-blockers, corticosteroids, isoniazid, niacin, thiazide diuretcs, and sympathomimetics can antagonize insulin causing hyperglycemia.
Nursing Process and Teaching Tips for Insulins When mixing insulins, always withdraw the regular or rapid-acting first, then the intermediate so there is no contamination of the rapid-acting.
Created by: mashechka
 

 



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