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BIO161 - Respiratory
Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the function of the respiratory system? | respiration; i.e. gas exchange (CO2 for O2) |
| What are the 2 parts of the respiratory system? | conducting zone & respiratory zone |
| Describe the nasal cavity | nose, divided by the nasal septum into nostrils; root & part of bridge consists of nasal bone; conchae (create turbulence to filter air particles); interior of nostrils have vibrissae (hair in nose) that help to remove particles from the ai |
| What are the 2 parts of the conducting zone? | upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract |
| What are the components of the upper respiratory tract (in order)? | nose -> nostrils -> pharynx -> larynx |
| What is another name for the nostrils? for the pharynx? | nostrils - nares; pharynx - throat |
| What are the 3 parts of the pharynx? | nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx |
| What are the components of the lower respiratory tract? | trachea -> primary bronchi (2) -> secondary bronchi -> tertiary bronchus -> lobule -> respiratory bronchiole -> alveolus |
| Where do primary bronchi go? secondary bronchi? | each primary bronchus goes to its respective lung; each secondary bronchi goes to a lobe in the lungs |
| How many lobes are in the lungs? How are they named? | the left lung has 2 lobes (superior & inferior); the right lung has 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior) |
| How many lobules are in each lobe? | about 3-4 lobules per lobe for an average total of 18 lobules |
| How many divisions are there between the lobules and the respiratory bronchiole? | 25 divisions |
| What are the alveoli in contact with? | blood capillaries |
| Describe the components of the nasal septum | mostly cartilage; also made form the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and the vomer |
| What is another name for nostrils? | nares |
| What is septal perforation | a hole in the nasal septum cartilage, frequently caused by cocaine abuse |
| Where is the nasopharynx located? | posterior aspect of the nasal cavity to the uvula |
| What is the function of the epithelium in the nasopharynx? | the goblet cells synthesize mucus that traps impurities and microorganisms; the cilia beat towards the esophagus where the mucus is swallowed |
| What helps the stomach to kill impurities and bacteria? | the stomach has an acidic pH |
| Hom much mucus does the body produce daily? | one quart |
| What passes through the nasopharynx? What controls this? | air only; the uvula closes the nasopharynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the nose |
| Besides the epithelium, what else helps impurities from entering the nasopharynx? | the sensory nerve in the nose causes sneezing when it senses impurities |
| What types of epithelium are foundin the respiratory tract? | the entire respiratory tract is line with PCCE, except for the oropharynx which has PCCE *and* stratified squamous epithelium because this area withstands more stress, trauma, and friction |
| Where is the pharyngotympanic tube located? What are other names for this tube? | it openis into the nasopharynx; it is also called the auditory tube or the Eustachian tube |
| What is the purpose of the auditory tube? | it serves to equalize pressure between the atmosphere and the air by yawning |
| What is the purpose of the oropharynx? Which substance has the "right of way"? | it allows passage of food and air; food has precedence |
| Where is the laryngopharynx located? What is its purpose? | it's located from the epiglottis to the larynx; this is the part of the larynx where food and air are separated (food to esophagus and air to larynx) |
| What prevents food from entering the larynx? | the epiglottis |
| What is the funciton of the tonsils? What are the different types of tonsils? | the tonsils are part of the immune system (similar to lymph nodes); there are 3 tonsils: pharyngeal, palatine, and lingual |
| What is the larynx composed of? What is it also known as? | the larnyx, or voice box, is made up of cartilage rings: epiglottis, cricoid, ayretenoids, and thyroid cartilage |
| What is the Adam's apple? | it is the thyroid cartilage in the larynx; it is also called the laryngeal prominence; it is more prominent in males as it becomes large with testosterone; it deepens the voice |
| What are the 4 nasal sinuses? What is their purpose? | the four nasal sinuses are the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary; for respiration, the important function is that they humidify and warm the air |
| What does the trachea consist of? What is another name for the trachea? | the trachea, or windpipe, consists of cartilage rings |
| What is the lingua in the left lung? | it is a remnant of the 3rd lobe |
| What is Boyle's law? | pressure is inversely proportional to volume; P=k/V |
| Where does air move (i.e. in regards to air pressure) | from high pressure to low pressure |
| What happens during inspiration? | the diaphragm contracts, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, the pressure in the thoracic cavity is lowered (lower than atmospheric pressure), air moves from outside to inside |
| What happens during expiration? | the diaphragm relaxes, the volume in the thoracic cavity decreases, accordingly air pressure in the thoracic cavity increases, air is moved from inside the lungs to outside |
Created by:
debmurph