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BIO161 - Lymphatic
Lymphatic System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the lymphatic system? | it is a circulatory system which transports lymph; the lymphatic system is part of the immune system |
| What is lymph? | blood plasma without the plasma proteins |
| What is interstitial fluid? | plasma that passes out of the capillaries into the area between the organs and vessels; 85% of this fluid returns to the blood capillaries; 15% enters the lymphatic system |
| Where does lymph flow start? What are the two large lymphatic vessels? | lymph flow starts in very small lymphatic capillaries; the large lymphatic vessels are the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct |
| Which lymph vessels drain which part of the body? | the right lymphatic duct drains the upper right quadrant of the body (right head, chest, back, upper extremity) and the thoracic duct drains the remainder of the body |
| Where does lymph go after it leaves the main lymph vessels? | lymph goes from the right lymphatic duct to the right subclavian vein; from the thoracic duct to the left subclavian vein |
| Besides lymph, what else passes through the thoracic duct? | fatty acids received from the lacteal of the villi of the small intestine (through the cysterna chyl) |
| What is the function of the lymph system? | to fight disease |
| What are the 5 l ymphatic organs? | lymph nodes (found at intervals in the lymphatic system), thymus, tonsils (palatine, pharyngeal, lingual), spleen (filters blood), Payer's patches (like lymph nodes) |
| Where do all cells of the immune system originate? | in the bone marrow |
| What are the types of immune system cells | B cells - B lymphocytes; T cells - T lymphocytes; macrophages |
| How do B cells mature? | they originate inthe bone marrow, enter the lymphatic system, then mature in the lymph nodes; when they mature they are called plasma cells |
| How do plasma cells fight disease? | by producing antibodies |
| What is the function of antibodies? What is another name for antibodies? | antibodies fight disease by attacking antigens (bacteria and other foreign agents); they are also called immunoglobulins |
| How do T cells mature? | T cells mature in the thymus glant; there are different levels of maturity: T4 cells are helper T cells; T8 cells are suppressor T cells; there are also natural killer T cells |
| What is the function of T cells? | they fight viral diseases, fungi, and protozoa |
| Which T cells are attacked by the HIV/AIDS virus? | T4 cells |
| What is B cell immunity called? | humoral immunity |
| What is T cell immunity called? | cellular immunity |
| How do macrophages mature? | they develop from monocytes produced in the bone marrow, enter the blood, and then enter tissues; in the tissues they become macrophages |
| What is the function of macrophages? | phagocytosis of large microorganisms |
| What is another name for macrophages? | antigen presenting cells (APC) |
Created by:
debmurph